Dunnick N R, Carson C C, Braun S D, Miller G A, Cohan R, Degesys G E, Illescas F F, Newman G E, Weinerth J L
Radiology. 1985 Oct;157(1):51-5. doi: 10.1148/radiology.157.1.4034977.
In 224 patients, renal stones were removed from the urinary tract using either direct extraction with a basket or forceps (59 patients), ultrasonic lithotripsy (164 patients), or infusion chemotherapy (one patient). Residual stone fragments were present more frequently in patients treated with ultrasonic lithotripsy (27%) than with direct extraction (5%). Other complications included hemorrhage (eight patients), catheter dislodgement (four patients), large amounts of urine extravasation (three patients), glycine ascites (three patients), infection (two patients), pneumothorax (one patient), and a prolonged ileus (one patient). More complications occurred among the first 50 patients than the last 50 patients, even though more difficult cases, including patients with staghorn calculi, were accepted during the latter period. Although a learning curve exists, complications can be minimized by attempting to treat more favorable cases during the initial experience.
在224例患者中，采用网篮或镊子直接取出（59例患者）、超声碎石术（164例患者）或灌注化疗（1例患者）从尿路中取出肾结石。与直接取出（5%）相比，超声碎石术治疗的患者残留结石碎片更为常见（27%）。其他并发症包括出血（8例患者）、导管移位（4例患者）、大量尿液外渗（3例患者）、甘氨酸腹水（3例患者）、感染（2例患者）、气胸（1例患者）和肠梗阻延长（1例患者）。尽管后50例患者中包括鹿角形结石患者等更复杂的病例，但前50例患者出现的并发症比后50例更多。虽然存在学习曲线，但在初始经验中尝试治疗更有利的病例可将并发症降至最低。
