The immune system has a complex to protect the host from infection by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The immune system protects against infection by recognizing and destroying harmful foreign pathogens. As humans evolve over a long period of time, tolerance is formed to most foods that do not stimulate the immune system, but some foods induce immunity in certain individuals and cause allergic diseases. The immune system must understand the difference between foreign substances and your own body cells. There are different types of white blood cells, which are essential components of the immune system that protect the host from infection. Unlike other immune cells, mast cells and basophils are involved in food allergic reactions. This review article will look at peanut allergens, the most serious food allergies that threaten and irritate an individual's immune system, putting them at risk of life.