Watanabe Shinichi, Sakurai Takaaki, Kanaya Takahiro, Iwasaki Takumi, Oshima Hyosuke, Furukawa Tetsuya, Yoshikawa Tomohiro, Nakahashi Seichi
Department of Rehabilitation, Gifu University of Health Science, Gifu, JPN.
Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, JPN.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 9;17(4):e81976. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81976. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Introduction This study aimed to explore the standard rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 who did not receive invasive ventilation treatment and to descriptively clarify the timing and content of speech-language-hearing therapy (SLT), categorizing patients based on the presence or absence of frailty before symptom onset. Methods This retrospective observational study included patients aged ≥18 years admitted for COVID-19. SLT was performed at each hospital as per a common protocol. The exposure variable was frailty versus nonfrailty (defined as a clinical frailty scale score of ≥4). Multiple linear analyses adjusted for baseline characteristics were used to determine the link between frailty and mean SLT time. We investigated mean SLT time (min/day), total SLT time, total SLT days, and SLT content per session from weeks one to four. Results Of the 254 patients, 207 and 47 were assigned to frail and nonfrail groups, respectively. The mean SLT time in the frail group was significantly higher than that in the nonfrail group. Furthermore, total SLT time, total SLT days, functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score at hospital discharge, incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia, and discharge to home were significantly longer and higher in the frail group than those in the nonfrail group. The frail group performed considerably more indirect and direct swallowing exercises than the nonfrail group. Conclusions Daily SLT time and total SLT days on which SLT was performed were substantially longer in the frail group, with higher rates of direct and indirect swallowing exercises.
引言 本研究旨在探索未接受有创通气治疗的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者的标准康复方案，并描述性地阐明言语-语言-听力治疗（SLT）的时机和内容，根据症状出现前是否存在虚弱对患者进行分类。方法 这项回顾性观察性研究纳入了因COVID-19入院的≥18岁患者。各医院按照通用方案进行SLT。暴露变量为虚弱与非虚弱（定义为临床虚弱量表评分≥4）。采用针对基线特征进行调整的多重线性分析来确定虚弱与平均SLT时间之间的关联。我们调查了第1至4周的平均SLT时间（分钟/天）、总SLT时间、总SLT天数以及每次治疗的SLT内容。结果 在254例患者中，分别有207例和47例被分配到虚弱组和非虚弱组。虚弱组的平均SLT时间显著高于非虚弱组。此外，虚弱组的总SLT时间、总SLT天数、出院时的功能性经口进食量表（FOIS）评分、医院获得性肺炎的发生率以及出院回家率均显著高于非虚弱组。虚弱组进行的间接和直接吞咽练习比非虚弱组多得多。结论 虚弱组的每日SLT时间和进行SLT的总天数显著更长，直接和间接吞咽练习的比例更高。
