Zhao Yunshu, Zhou Yibo, Song Jianping, Wang Fei, Zhou Xu, Zhang Xiaoyan, Sun Shanhu, Su Li, Suo Zhirong, Xu Jinjiang, Sun Jie
School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan People's Republic of China
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
RSC Adv. 2025 May 9;15(19):15276-15281. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02417j. eCollection 2025 May 6.
To further investigate the feasibility of cocrystal explosives as melt-cast carriers, two types of energetic cocrystals were studied: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)/2-nitroaniline (NA) and ammonium dinitramide (ADN)/urea. The synthesis of these cocrystal materials was confirmed by comparing their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns with single-crystal simulation curves. Thermal stability was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD was used to analyze the changes in the crystal structure of the two cocrystal carriers across varying temperatures. Additionally, the solubility and polymorphic transformation of ε-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-CL-20) within these cocrystal carriers were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and XRD. The results reveal that the two cocrystal carriers exhibit satisfactory thermal stability. Their melting points are 69.3 °C and 71.9 °C and their decomposition temperatures are 319.8 °C and 201.9 °C, respectively. Additionally, they remain in their cocrystal phases after undergoing melting-solidification thermal cycles within the temperature range of 30-70 °C. The solubility of CL-20 in the DNAN/NA and ADN/urea cocrystal carriers is 3.274 g and 1.046 g, respectively, both significantly lower than that in DNAN. Additionally, it was observed that the polymorphic transformation of ε-CL-20 did not occur during the melting and casting process. Therefore, the DNAN/NA and ADN/urea cocrystals hold promise as novel melt-cast explosive carriers.
为了进一步研究共晶炸药作为熔铸载体的可行性，对两种含能共晶进行了研究：2,4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）/2-硝基苯胺（NA）和二硝酰胺铵（ADN）/尿素。通过将这些共晶材料的X射线衍射（XRD）图谱与单晶模拟曲线进行比较，证实了它们的合成。使用差示扫描量热法（DSC）评估热稳定性。XRD用于分析两种共晶载体在不同温度下晶体结构的变化。此外，使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和XRD分析了ε-六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（ε-CL-20）在这些共晶载体中的溶解度和多晶型转变。结果表明，这两种共晶载体表现出令人满意的热稳定性。它们的熔点分别为69.3℃和71.9℃，分解温度分别为319.8℃和201.9℃。此外，它们在30-70℃的温度范围内经历熔化-凝固热循环后仍保持共晶相。CL-20在DNAN/NA和ADN/尿素共晶载体中的溶解度分别为3.274 g和1.046 g，均显著低于在DNAN中的溶解度。此外，观察到在熔化和铸造过程中ε-CL-20未发生多晶型转变。因此，DNAN/NA和ADN/尿素共晶有望成为新型熔铸炸药载体。
