Kandel D A, Schuster C R
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1977 Jan;6(1):61-71. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(77)90160-5.
Rhesus monkeys were trained to self-administer morphine intravenously at dose levels sufficient to develop physical dependence. The monkeys were then trained to press a lever to escape a continuous infusion of the morphine antagonist, nalorphine. When saline was substituted for the nalorphine, escape responding extinguished. After morphine self-administration was eliminated, responding to escape from nalorphine was maintained in the postdependent monkeys, showing no difference from escape responding during morphine dependence. Finally, perphenazine was substituted for the nalorphine and the monkeys reliably escaped continuous infusions of this phenothiazine. The escape procedure appears useful for analyzing the aversive properties of drugs.
恒河猴经过训练，能以足以产生身体依赖性的剂量水平静脉注射吗啡自我给药。然后训练这些猴子按压杠杆以逃避吗啡拮抗剂烯丙吗啡的持续输注。当用生理盐水替代烯丙吗啡时，逃避反应消失。在消除吗啡自我给药后，依赖后阶段的猴子对逃避烯丙吗啡的反应得以维持，与吗啡依赖期间的逃避反应无差异。最后，用奋乃静替代烯丙吗啡，猴子能可靠地逃避这种吩噻嗪的持续输注。逃避程序似乎有助于分析药物的厌恶特性。
