严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在野生大鼠中的感染潜力及传播情况

Infectious potential and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in wild rats.

作者信息

Beissat Kevyn, Lattard Virginie, Picard-Meyer Evelyne, Fafournoux Ambre, Soro Sionfoungo Daouda, Servat Alexandre, Vincent-Hubert Françoise, Boué Franck, Chatron Nolan, Monchâtre-Leroy Elodie, Wasniewski Marine

机构信息

Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, ANSES, Malzéville, Nancy, France.

USC-1233 Rongeurs Sauvages Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations (RS2GP), VetAgroSup, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Lyon University, Marcy-L'Etoile, France.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 May 12;20(5):e0316882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316882. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0316882

PMID:40354427

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12068656/

Abstract

Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a wide range of animal species (pets, mink…) have been naturally infected with this betacoronavirus. The emergence of new variants has increased the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect species that were not susceptible to the "original" SARS-CoV-2, such as mice and rats. This work attempted to evaluate the role of urban rats in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission by combining surveillance studies of rat populations in urban environments, in vivo experimental inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 and comparative viral-receptor interaction in silico analyses. We studied the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in wild Rattus norvegicus (n = 401) captured in urban areas and sewage systems of several French cities. Except for 3 inconclusive samples (2/75 from Bordeaux and 1/261 from Lyon) none of the 353 sera tested showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by microsphere immunoassay. However, the 3 inconclusive sera samples were negative by virus neutralisation assay. No SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected in all lungs collected from the 401 captured urban brown rats. In complement, four rat groups (two wild-type colonies, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus, and two laboratory strains, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar) were inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5. At 4 days post-inoculation, no infectious viral particles were detected in the lungs and upper respiratory tract (URT) while viral RNA was detected at a low level only in the URT of all groups. In addition, seroconversion was observed 14 days after inoculation in the four groups. By molecular modelling, the Omicron BA.5 receptor binding domain (RBD) had lower affinities for Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus ACE2 than Homo sapiens ACE2. Based on these results the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 was unable to infect laboratory and wild type rats. In addition, Rattus norvegicus collected for this study in different areas of France were not infected with SARS-CoV-2.

摘要

自严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行开始以来，多种动物物种（宠物、水貂等）已自然感染这种β冠状病毒。新变种的出现增加了SARS-CoV-2感染对“原始”SARS-CoV-2不敏感物种的能力，如小鼠和大鼠。这项工作试图通过结合城市环境中鼠类种群的监测研究、SARS-CoV-2的体内实验接种以及计算机模拟分析中的病毒受体相互作用比较，来评估城市老鼠在SARS-CoV-2传播中的作用。我们研究了在法国几个城市的市区和污水系统中捕获的野生褐家鼠（n = 401）体内SARS-CoV-2的传播情况。除了3个结果不确定的样本（2个来自波尔多的样本中的75个，以及1个来自里昂的样本中的261个）外，通过微球免疫测定法检测的353份血清中均未显示出抗SARS-CoV-2抗体。然而，这3个结果不确定的血清样本通过病毒中和试验检测为阴性。在从401只捕获的城市褐家鼠收集的所有肺组织中均未检测到SARS-CoV-2病毒RNA。作为补充，四个大鼠组（两个野生型群体，褐家鼠和黑家鼠，以及两个实验室品系，斯普拉格-道利大鼠和Wistar大鼠）接种了SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5。接种后4天，在肺组织和上呼吸道（URT）中未检测到传染性病毒颗粒，而仅在所有组的上呼吸道中检测到低水平的病毒RNA。此外，接种后14天在四个组中均观察到血清转化。通过分子建模，Omicron BA.5受体结合域（RBD）对褐家鼠和黑家鼠ACE2的亲和力低于对人ACE2的亲和力。基于这些结果，SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5无法感染实验室大鼠和野生型大鼠。此外，在法国不同地区为本研究收集的褐家鼠未感染SARS-CoV-2。