Somaili Mohammed, Akoor Atheer, Refaei Eman, Deibaji Mohsen, Aqeel Abdulrahman Abdullah, Ghulaysi Saleh, Areeshi Areej Siddiq, Mobaraki Raghad Abdu, Qadah Entsar Ahmed, Gharwi Naif, Madkali Abdulla, Muafa Khalid Ahmed, Hakami Abdulrahman, Alshahrani Mona
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Khaled University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 May 9;104(19):e42260. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042260.
Hyperkalemia is prevalent among chronic kidney disease patients, and their knowledge and perceptions regarding a potassium-rich diet vary widely. In this study, we aim to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding potassium-rich diet Intake among chronic kidney disease patients in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, and to identify potassium-rich diet intake-related practices among them. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study using the convenient sampling method on CKD patients. The questionnaire was composed of 20 questions distributed over 3 domains. The data had been analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Frequency and percentages were used to display categorical variables. Mean and standard deviation was used to present numerical variables. The independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were both used to test for factors associated with knowledge and perception score. A total of 404 were involved in the study. Most were aged between 41 and 60 years 38.6%. The majority were male 57.2% and of Saudi nationality 76.7%. Regarding marital status, 64.6% were married and 4% were divorced. Regarding employment, 67.3% were unemployed, and 5% were students. As regards education, 60.9% had less than a high school education and 0.9% had a master's degree/PhD or equivalent. The knowledge levels about potassium-containing diets show that 79.8% had low knowledge, 20% had moderate knowledge, and only 0.2% had a high knowledge level. Participants' behaviors toward a potassium-rich diet show that 52.7% have considered lowering dietary potassium is essential, while 32.7% were unsure of its necessity. Only 16.1% indicated that salt quantity on nutritional labels influenced their shopping choices. A total of 53% of participants avoided or reduced consumption of potassium-rich foods. Additionally, 36.4% opted for low-potassium alternatives and 26% read potassium content on labels. Behavioral scores ranged from 0 to 5, with a mean of 1.84 ± 1.62. Lastly, A moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and behavior scores. This study identifies significant gaps in knowledge and behavior regarding high-potassium meals among CKD patients in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The results underscore the necessity for better patient education, customized treatment plans, and a multidisciplinary approach to nutrition management to enhance dietary adherence and clinical outcomes.
高钾血症在慢性肾脏病患者中普遍存在，他们对富含钾的饮食的了解和认知差异很大。在本研究中，我们旨在评估沙特阿拉伯吉赞慢性肾脏病患者对富含钾饮食摄入的了解程度，并确定他们中与富含钾饮食摄入相关的行为。我们采用方便抽样法对慢性肾脏病患者进行了一项基于问卷调查的横断面研究。问卷由分布在3个领域的20个问题组成。数据使用SPSS 23软件进行分析。频率和百分比用于展示分类变量。均值和标准差用于呈现数值变量。独立t检验和方差分析（ANOVA）均用于检验与知识和认知得分相关的因素。共有404人参与了研究。大多数人年龄在41至60岁之间，占38.6%。大多数为男性，占57.2%，沙特国籍占76.7%。关于婚姻状况，64.6%已婚，4%离婚。关于就业情况，67.3%失业，5%是学生。在教育程度方面，60.9%的人学历低于高中，0.9%拥有硕士学位/博士学位或同等学历。对含钾饮食的了解程度显示，79.8%的人了解程度低，20%的人了解程度中等，只有0.2%的人了解程度高。参与者对富含钾饮食的行为表明，52.7%的人认为降低饮食中的钾至关重要，而32.7%的人不确定其必要性。只有16.1%的人表示营养标签上的盐含量会影响他们的购物选择。共有53%的参与者避免或减少了富含钾食物的消费。此外，36.4%的人选择了低钾替代品，26%的人会查看标签上的钾含量。行为得分在0至5分之间，均值为1.84±1.62。最后，发现知识得分与行为得分之间存在中度正相关。本研究发现沙特阿拉伯吉赞慢性肾脏病患者在高钾膳食的知识和行为方面存在显著差距。结果强调了加强患者教育、制定个性化治疗方案以及采用多学科营养管理方法以提高饮食依从性和临床结局的必要性。
