Naeemi Habyl, Shadjou Nasrin, Mahmoudian Mehdi
Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Institute of Nanotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 12;15(1):16438. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01119-7.
2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives are recognized as vital compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities, making them valuable for pharmaceutical research and therapeutic applications. Hence, the rapid and accurate synthesis of these derivatives need efficient nano-catalysts. The study outlines the preparation of nano-SiO-SOH through the covalent attachment of sulfonic acid groups to silica nanoparticles. Then, this material is applied as a catalyst for the efficient one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. The reaction involves isatoic anhydride, an aromatic aldehyde, and ammonium acetate, directed under solvent-free conditions at a temperature of 110 °C. Also, the prepared catalyst characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for functional group identification, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) for its elemental composition. The presence of sulfonic acid groups as a Brønsted acids, enhance the catalytic properties of the silica nanoparticles and facilitate the reaction between the reactants in synthesis process and make the designed catalyst as a suitable candidate for promoting the 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one synthesis. This synthesis protocol offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach, eliminating the use of toxic solvents. It provides significant advantages compared to previously reported methods, such as using of nontoxic, green, and stable nanocatalyst. Additionally, the catalyst is easily recoverable and reusable, the reactions proceed under solvent-free conditions, and the process characterized by short reaction times (5-20 min). Furthermore, it achieves excellent yields ranging from 85 to 98% and features a simple workup procedure, making it highly relevant for advancing environmental chemistry practices.
2,3-二氢喹唑啉-4(1H)-酮衍生物因其多样的生物活性而被认为是药物化学中的重要化合物，这使其在药物研究和治疗应用中具有重要价值。因此，快速准确地合成这些衍生物需要高效的纳米催化剂。该研究概述了通过将磺酸基团共价连接到二氧化硅纳米颗粒上来制备纳米SiO-SOH。然后，将该材料用作催化剂，用于高效一锅法合成2,3-二氢喹唑啉-4(1H)-酮衍生物。该反应涉及邻氨基苯甲酸酐、芳香醛和醋酸铵，在无溶剂条件下于110°C进行。此外，使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对制备的催化剂进行形态分析，使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）进行官能团鉴定，使用能量色散X射线光谱（EDAX）分析其元素组成。作为布朗斯特酸的磺酸基团的存在增强了二氧化硅纳米颗粒的催化性能，并促进了合成过程中反应物之间的反应，使设计的催化剂成为促进2,3-二氢喹唑啉-4(1H)-酮合成的合适候选物。这种合成方案提供了一种可持续且环保的方法，避免了使用有毒溶剂。与先前报道的方法相比，它具有显著优势，例如使用无毒、绿色且稳定的纳米催化剂。此外，该催化剂易于回收和重复使用，反应在无溶剂条件下进行，反应时间短（5-20分钟）。此外，它的产率高达85%至98%，后处理步骤简单，这使其与推进环境化学实践高度相关。
