Zielinska-Pukos Monika A, Bryś Joanna, Hamulka Jadwiga
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 12;15(1):16489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00940-4.
Overweight and obesity can alter the composition of human milk, including the fatty acid (FA) profile into more proinflammatory state. It is uncertain whether this is due to poor diet quality or the negative effects of obesity on FA metabolism. We examined the associations between dietary, serum, and human milk FA in mothers with normal and excessive body weight and investigated whether adiposity moderates the observed associations. A case-control study was conducted among 40 mothers (20 healthy weight (HW), 20 overweight/obese (OW/OB) 15.5 ± 1.2 weeks postpartum, matched by lactation duration and age. Dietary intake was analyzed based on 3-day food records, and adiposity was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), serum and human milk FA analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Overweight/obese mothers had higher dietary and serum trans FA but lower serum arachidonic acid (AA) and human milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to normal-weight mothers. Mediation analysis indicated that serum partially mediated the effect of dietary linoleic acid (LA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-3, and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on human milk FA. Adiposity were found to negatively impact the dietary-to-human milk FA association but positively impact serum-to-human milk association. The obesity-related differences in human milk FA profile were not due to dietary differences. Our results suggest human milk PUFA levels may be influenced more by long-term diet than short-term intake, indicating a need for specific dietary guidelines for mothers with higher adiposity to minimze proinflammatory alterations in human milk composition.
超重和肥胖会改变母乳的成分，包括使脂肪酸（FA）谱向更具促炎状态转变。目前尚不确定这是由于饮食质量差还是肥胖对脂肪酸代谢的负面影响所致。我们研究了体重正常和超重的母亲的饮食、血清和母乳脂肪酸之间的关联，并调查了肥胖是否会调节所观察到的关联。我们对40名产后15.5±1.2周的母亲进行了一项病例对照研究（20名体重正常（HW），20名超重/肥胖（OW/OB）），根据哺乳时间和年龄进行匹配。基于3天的食物记录分析饮食摄入量，通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）评估肥胖程度，通过气相色谱法（GC）分析血清和母乳脂肪酸。与体重正常的母亲相比，超重/肥胖的母亲饮食和血清中的反式脂肪酸含量更高，但血清花生四烯酸（AA）和母乳二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量更低。中介分析表明，血清部分介导了饮食中亚油酸（LA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）n-3和α-亚麻酸（ALA）对母乳脂肪酸的影响。发现肥胖对饮食到母乳脂肪酸的关联有负面影响，但对血清到母乳的关联有正面影响。母乳脂肪酸谱中与肥胖相关的差异并非由于饮食差异。我们的结果表明，母乳中多不饱和脂肪酸水平可能受长期饮食的影响大于短期摄入量，这表明需要为肥胖程度较高的母亲制定特定的饮食指南，以尽量减少母乳成分中的促炎改变。
