探究尼日利亚医学和护理专业学生的移民意向：推动移民的因素及其对尼日利亚医疗体系的影响

Exploring the emigration intentions of Nigerian medical and nursing students: factors driving migration and implications for Nigeria's healthcare system.

作者信息

Oyedokun Abigail Olawumi, Akoki David Mobolaji, Adesola Adeniyi Abraham, Fatola Ayomide Olawunmi, Oyoyo Henry Demian, Adu Samuel Jesutominsin, Mikail Mikail Muhammad, Yousuo Ayebamiebi Lawrence, Olu-Ajayi Boluwatife Israel, Babangida Yusuf Mustapha, Musa Ibrahim, Anyanwu Christopher Ebubechukwu, Abimbola Aderonke Olamide, Sulaiman Muhammad Bakir

机构信息

University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

College Research and Innovation Hub, Ibadan, Nigeria.

出版信息

BMC Med Educ. 2025 May 12;25(1):698. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07283-8.

DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07283-8

PMID:40355893

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12070749/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The emigration of healthcare professionals significantly contributes to brain drain within Nigeria's healthcare sector, exacerbating existing workforce shortages. This study investigates the emigration intentions of Nigerian medical and nursing students, focusing on preferred destinations, key motivating factors, and the potential long-term consequences for the nation's healthcare system.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical and nursing students from six universities, purposefully selected to represent Nigeria's geopolitical zones. A total of 2,152 students (Medicine and Surgery = 1254; Nursing = 898) participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire and analysed with IBM SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

72.9% of students expressed intentions to practice abroad, primarily seeking specialist training within the first five years post-graduation (97.7%). Alarmingly, 32.7% had no intention of ever returning to Nigeria, while only 11.7% of those intending to stay intend to leave after completing specialist training. The top three emigration destinations were the United States (28.5%), the United Kingdom (24.6%), and Canada (23.1%). The main drivers of emigration included better training opportunities (75.2%), access to advanced equipment (61.1%), and improved career prospects (56.7%). Respondents predicted negative impacts on Nigeria's healthcare system, including increased mortality rates and potential system collapse.

CONCLUSION

The findings reveal a high propensity for emigration among Nigerian medical and nursing students, with significant implications for the country's healthcare system. The study underscores the urgent need for policy interventions that address systemic challenges such as inadequate resources, poor working conditions, remuneration and career development opportunities. Strengthening local training conditions and offering competitive incentives may help mitigate the brain drain and ensure a sustainable healthcare workforce in Nigeria.

摘要

背景

医疗专业人员的移民是造成尼日利亚医疗部门人才流失的重要原因，加剧了现有的劳动力短缺问题。本研究调查了尼日利亚医学和护理专业学生的移民意向，重点关注他们倾向的目的地、主要驱动因素以及对该国医疗系统可能产生的长期影响。

方法

对来自六所大学的本科医学和护理专业学生进行了一项横断面研究，这些大学是经过特意挑选以代表尼日利亚的地缘政治区域。共有2152名学生（医学和外科学专业 = 1254人；护理学专业 = 898人）参与了该研究。数据通过结构化的、自我填写的在线问卷收集，并使用IBM SPSS 27版本进行分析。应用了描述性统计、卡方检验和二元逻辑回归分析，统计学显著性设定为p < 0.05。

结果

72.9%的学生表示有在国外执业的意向，主要是希望在毕业后的头五年内接受专科培训（97.7%）。令人担忧的是，32.7%的学生无意返回尼日利亚，而在打算留在尼日利亚的学生中，只有11.7%的人打算在完成专科培训后离开。移民的前三大目的地是美国（28.5%）、英国（24.6%）和加拿大（23.1%）。移民的主要驱动因素包括更好的培训机会（75.2%）、获得先进设备（61.1%）和改善的职业前景（56.7%）。受访者预测这将对尼日利亚的医疗系统产生负面影响，包括死亡率上升和可能的系统崩溃。