Jolley Ashlan, Love William, Frey Erin, Riggott Julia, Carrier Nellie, May Connor, Goznikar Katie, Papich Mark G, Lanzas Cristina
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2025 May 12;7(3):dlaf073. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaf073. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Data on antimicrobial use (AMU) in companion animals is lacking in the United States, along with information regarding drivers of such prescribing.
To describe trends in AMU for dogs and cats in North Carolina (NC) over geography, urbanicity, time, and patient sex from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020 and evaluate the influence of summarized measures of social vulnerability and the COVID-19 pandemic on prescribing practices.
In cooperation with IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (IDEXX), we collected prescribing data from dogs and cats treated at 389 practices during 2019 and 2020. Practices were stratified by geographic region (mountain, piedmont, coastal plain) and urbanization (rural, urban). Social vulnerability was measured using the CDC published Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) data and was summarized for each of the six areas. Poisson family models were used to estimate prescribing rates and rate ratios for independent variables, normalized by the total number of monthly patients.
Combination beta-lactam agents, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazole, and cephalosporins were the most prescribed drug classes. Region and urbanicity only significantly affected prescribing rate for first-generation cephalosporins in dogs, and prescribing rates did not significantly change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient sex was the most consistently significant independent variable for prescribing rates.
The current study found that prescribing rates of the most common antimicrobials in dogs and cats were fairly uniform with some increased prescribing in rural and vulnerable areas of the state.
美国缺乏伴侣动物抗菌药物使用（AMU）的数据，以及此类处方的驱动因素信息。
描述2019年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间北卡罗来纳州（NC）犬猫抗菌药物使用在地理、城市化程度、时间和患者性别的趋势，并评估社会脆弱性和COVID-19大流行的汇总指标对处方实践的影响。
与IDEXX实验室公司（IDEXX）合作，我们收集了2019年和2020年期间在389家诊所接受治疗的犬猫的处方数据。诊所按地理区域（山区、皮埃蒙特、沿海平原）和城市化程度（农村、城市）分层。使用疾病控制与预防中心公布的社会脆弱性指数（SVI）数据测量社会脆弱性，并对六个区域中的每个区域进行汇总。泊松族模型用于估计独立变量的处方率和率比，并按每月患者总数进行标准化。
β-内酰胺类复方制剂、氟喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类和头孢菌素类是处方最多的药物类别。区域和城市化程度仅对犬第一代头孢菌素的处方率有显著影响，在COVID-19大流行期间处方率没有显著变化。患者性别是处方率最一致的显著独立变量。
当前研究发现，犬猫中最常用抗菌药物的处方率相当一致，该州农村和脆弱地区的处方有所增加。
