Bakhsh Hussain T
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia.
Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2025 May 8;14:85-98. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S515197. eCollection 2025.
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between pharmacists' interventions and health outcomes of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the Middle East. A comprehensive database search was conducted in July 2024 using the electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. The search strategy involved the following keywords: "Impact", "Effect", "Pharmacist", "Pharmacy services", "Pharmaceutical Care", "Intervention", "Type 2 diabetes mellitus", "diabetes", and "Middle East". Articles published in the English language between January 2010 and July 2024 related to the research question were included. The data extracted from the included papers were summarized using narrative data synthesis. Twelve articles were selected from 536 retrieved articles, with most studies conducted in hospitals (n = 10) and randomized clinical trials (n = 8). The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies to ensure transparent evaluation of the study quality. Narrative synthesis was employed to address variations in study design, outcomes, and biases. Pharmacist interventions reported included patient education (n = 11), counseling (n = 5), drug therapy initiation (n = 5), and dosage adjustment (n = 5). Studies reported significant reductions in glycosylated (HbA1c) (range: 1.4-1.78%) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) (range: 2.3-53 mg/dL), decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (range: 4.65-14.9 mmHg), body mass index (BMI) (range: 1-2.44 kg/m2), cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, and improved medication adherence, self-care activities, and knowledge of diabetes management. In this review, pharmacist interventions reported were associated with improved clinical and humanistic outcomes among type 2 DM patients in the Middle-East. Therefore, collaborative care models involving pharmacists and other healthcare practitioners in the management of type 2 DM should be considered by health policymakers in the region.
本系统评价旨在评估中东地区药剂师干预与2型糖尿病（DM）患者健康结局之间的关联。2024年7月，利用PubMed、MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、科学网和Scopus等电子数据库进行了全面的数据库检索。检索策略涉及以下关键词：“影响”“效果”“药剂师”“药学服务”“药学保健”“干预”“2型糖尿病”“糖尿病”和“中东”。纳入2010年1月至2024年7月间发表的与该研究问题相关的英文文章。从纳入论文中提取的数据采用叙述性数据综合法进行总结。从536篇检索到的文章中筛选出12篇文章，大多数研究在医院进行（n = 10），且为随机临床试验（n = 8）。采用Cochrane随机对照试验偏倚风险工具和纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对非随机研究的质量进行评估，以确保对研究质量进行透明评价。采用叙述性综合法处理研究设计、结局和偏倚方面的差异。报告的药剂师干预措施包括患者教育（n = 11）、咨询（n = 5）、药物治疗起始（n = 5）和剂量调整（n = 5）。研究报告糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）（范围：1.4 - 1.78%）和空腹血糖水平（FBG）（范围：2.3 - 53 mg/dL）显著降低，收缩压和舒张压下降（范围：4.65 - 14.9 mmHg），体重指数（BMI）（范围：1 - 2.44 kg/m2）、胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆固醇降低，药物依从性、自我护理活动和糖尿病管理知识得到改善。在本评价中，报告的药剂师干预与中东地区2型糖尿病患者临床和人文结局的改善相关。因此，该地区的卫生政策制定者应考虑在2型糖尿病管理中采用药剂师与其他医疗从业者的协作护理模式。
