Lin Yu-Min, Tu Wan-Ling, Hung Kuo-Chuan, Yu Tsung, Wu Jheng-Yan, Lai Chih-Cheng
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan, Taiwan.
Department of Nutrition Therapy, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Front Nutr. 2025 Apr 28;12:1589907. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1589907. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to examine the association between zinc deficiency (ZD) and the clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF).
This multicenter retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX network to identify adult patients with HF between January 1, 2010, and January 31, 2025. Patients with serum zinc levels below 70 μg/dL (ZD group) were propensity score-matched to those with levels between 70 and 120 μg/dL (control group) to minimize confounding. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and major adverse kidney events (MAKEs). Secondary outcome was all-cause hospitalization.
After matching, each group comprised 4,145 patients with well-balanced baseline characteristics. During the 1-year follow-up, the ZD group was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.66), MACEs (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.30-1.64), and MAKEs (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.34-1.70), as well as an higher risk of all-cause hospitalization (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32).
Zinc deficiency in patients with HF is associated with increased risks of mortality, cardiovascular and kidney-related adverse events, and hospitalization. These findings highlight the potential clinical importance of zinc assessment and management in HF care.
本研究旨在探讨锌缺乏（ZD）与心力衰竭（HF）患者临床结局之间的关联。
这项多中心回顾性队列研究利用TriNetX网络识别2010年1月1日至2025年1月31日期间的成年HF患者。血清锌水平低于70μg/dL的患者（ZD组）与锌水平在70至120μg/dL之间的患者（对照组）进行倾向评分匹配，以尽量减少混杂因素。主要结局包括全因死亡率、主要不良心血管事件（MACE）和主要不良肾脏事件（MAKE）。次要结局是全因住院。
匹配后，每组包括4145例具有均衡基线特征的患者。在1年的随访期间，ZD组全因死亡率（风险比[HR]：1.46，95%置信区间[CI]：1.29 - 1.66）、MACE（HR：1.46，95% CI：1.30 - 1.64）和MAKE（HR：1.51，95% CI：1.34 - 1.70）的风险更高，全因住院风险也更高（HR：1.24，95% CI：1.16 - 1.32）。
HF患者的锌缺乏与死亡、心血管和肾脏相关不良事件以及住院风险增加有关。这些发现突出了锌评估和管理在HF护理中的潜在临床重要性。
