Dereschuk Kypros J, Espiridion Eduardo
Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
Psychiatry, Tower Health Medical Group, West Reading, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 12;17(4):e82146. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82146. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Introduction The prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy has risen alongside its legalization and perceived safety, often being used to alleviate pregnancy-related discomforts. However, cannabis use during pregnancy may have adverse implications for maternal mental health, including increased rates of depression, panic disorder, suicidal ideation, and alcohol abuse. This study aims to evaluate the association between cannabis use during pregnancy and these mental health outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX database, including over 2 million pregnant patients from 69 U.S. healthcare organizations (HCOs). A cohort of 51,087 cannabis users during pregnancy was compared to 1,936,508 non-users. Outcomes analyzed included depression, panic disorder, suicidal ideation, and alcohol abuse, identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. Risk ratios, hazard ratios, and Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were calculated, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results Cannabis use during pregnancy was associated with higher incidences of all four mental health outcomes. Alcohol abuse showed the greatest relative risk (risk ratio = 13.57; hazard ratio = 12.44), followed by suicidal ideation (risk ratio = 10.67; hazard ratio = 9.81), panic disorder (risk ratio = 5.47; hazard ratio = 5.01), and depression (risk ratio = 2.66; hazard ratio = 3.50). Depression affected 29.7% of cannabis users, compared to 11.2% of non-users, with significant differences in survival probabilities (p < 0.001). Conclusion Cannabis use during pregnancy is significantly associated with increased risks of adverse mental health outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of screening for cannabis use and mental health conditions during pregnancy and underscore the need for public health initiatives addressing the risks of prenatal cannabis use. Further research is needed to explore causal relationships and dosing effects.
引言 随着大麻合法化及其被认为的安全性，孕期使用大麻的比例有所上升，人们常常用它来缓解与怀孕相关的不适。然而，孕期使用大麻可能会对孕产妇心理健康产生不利影响，包括抑郁症、恐慌症、自杀意念和酒精滥用的发生率增加。本研究旨在评估孕期使用大麻与这些心理健康结果之间的关联。
方法 这项回顾性队列研究使用了TriNetX数据库，该数据库包含来自美国69家医疗保健机构（HCO）的200多万名孕妇。将51,087名孕期使用大麻的人群与1,936,508名不使用者进行比较。分析的结果包括抑郁症、恐慌症、自杀意念和酒精滥用，使用国际疾病分类第十版（ICD-10）编码进行识别。计算风险比、风险率和Kaplan-Meier生存概率，设定统计学显著性为p < 0.05。
结果 孕期使用大麻与所有四项心理健康结果的较高发生率相关。酒精滥用显示出最大的相对风险（风险比 = 13.57；风险率 = 12.44），其次是自杀意念（风险比 = 10.67；风险率 = 9.81）、恐慌症（风险比 = 5.47；风险率 = 5.01）和抑郁症（风险比 = 2.66；风险率 = 3.50）。抑郁症影响了29.7%的大麻使用者，而非使用者为11.2%，生存概率存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。
结论 孕期使用大麻与不良心理健康结果风险增加显著相关。这些发现强调了孕期筛查大麻使用和心理健康状况的重要性，并突出了开展公共卫生举措以应对产前使用大麻风险的必要性。需要进一步研究来探索因果关系和剂量效应。
