Sarmah Nelisha, Sibiya Maureen N, Khoza Thandokuhle E
Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Division of Research, Innovation and Engagement, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Health SA. 2025 Apr 30;30:2777. doi: 10.4102/hsag.v30i0.2777. eCollection 2025.
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a safe, easy and affordable breast screening tool encouraged as an alternative screening method in low-resource settings. The late presentation of breast cancer among rural African women in South Africa is of great concern. No BSE model has been identified for promoting BSE awareness and practice among rural African women in South Africa.
To describe the process involved in developing and describing the model for promoting BSE among rural African women in South Africa.
Four municipal clinics in Kwa-Zulu Natal's iLembe District Municipality.
An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured one-on-one interviews. Deductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The model was then developed using Chinn and Kramer's four-step theory generation process: concept analysis, relationship statements, model description and model evaluation.
A concept analysis was conducted in two phases. A central concept was identified in phase one, and in phase two, it was defined and classified. Based on the identified and defined central concepts, relationship statements were created, which added clarity and direction to the understanding of the phenomenon. The BSE model was described in terms of its purpose, structure and assumptions.
Using the BSE model, breast cancer campaigns and programmes can be tailored to the needs of geographically disadvantaged communities in rural South Africa.
Using the BSE model, the model is proposed to improve the early detection of breast cancer.
乳房自我检查（BSE）是一种安全、简便且经济实惠的乳房筛查工具，在资源匮乏地区被鼓励作为一种替代筛查方法。南非农村非洲女性乳腺癌的晚期就诊情况令人高度担忧。尚未确定在南非农村非洲女性中促进乳房自我检查意识和实践的BSE模式。
描述在南非农村非洲女性中开发和描述促进乳房自我检查模式所涉及的过程。
夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省伊伦贝区市的四家市政诊所。
采用探索性定性研究，进行半结构化一对一访谈。使用演绎主题分析法分析数据。然后使用钦和克莱默的四步理论生成过程开发该模式：概念分析、关系陈述、模式描述和模式评估。
概念分析分两个阶段进行。在第一阶段确定了一个核心概念，在第二阶段对其进行了定义和分类。基于已确定和定义的核心概念，创建了关系陈述，这为理解该现象增添了清晰度和方向。从其目的、结构和假设方面描述了BSE模式。
使用BSE模式，乳腺癌宣传活动和项目可根据南非农村地理上处于不利地位社区的需求进行调整。
使用BSE模式，该模式旨在提高乳腺癌的早期检测率。
