Li Yuwei, Liao Zhiyong, Wang Qin, He Weijun, Deng Yao, Liu Chenggui
School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Apr 28;15:1566163. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1566163. eCollection 2025.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a global public health issue, due to their high prevalence and potential impact on pregnancy outcome and fetal health. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of STI-causative pathogens including (CT), (NG) and (UU) as well as the epidemiological characteristics of STIs among males and females of childbearing age in Chengdu.
This retrospective cross-sectional study involved 15,055 participants of childbearing age including 7,235 males and 7,820 females. All specimens of participants were tested for CT, NG, and UU by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) methods.
27.80% of the participants were infected with at least one of the three pathogens, with significantly higher overall prevalence in females (45.22%) than males (8.98%, <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gender was independently associated with both CT positivity (females vs males, OR 2.276, 95% CI 1.724-3.005, <0.001) and UU positivity (females vs males, OR 8.079, 95% CI 7.183-9.086, <0.001). Single infections predominated in both males and females (males: 98.15%; females: 93.16%), while mixed infections were more frequent in females (6.84%) than in males (1.85%). CT prevalence was highest in both males and females aged 18-24, followed by aged 25-30 and 31-35. Among aged 18-24, the prevalence of UU in males and NG and UU in females were also higher. Compared to other age groups, mixed infections (CT+NG, CT+UU, NG+UU, CT+NG+UU) were also highest in females aged 18-24. Compared to other clinical diagnostic groups, The prevalence of CT, NG and mixed infection of CT+NG was highest in both males and females in the urogenital inflammation group (<0.05).
Among the population of childbearing age in Chengdu, China, the prevalence among females was significantly higher than that among males. Single infections predominated in both males and females, while mixed infections occurred more frequently in females. STIs were more prevalent in sexually active young people aged 18-35, especially in the 18-24 age group. CT and NG infections in both males and females may cause urogenital inflammation, and mixed infections of CT+NG further elevate the risk of inflammatory responses.
性传播感染（STIs）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，因其高患病率以及对妊娠结局和胎儿健康的潜在影响。本研究的目的是调查成都育龄男性和女性中沙眼衣原体（CT）、淋病奈瑟菌（NG）和解脲脲原体（UU）等性传播感染致病病原体的患病率以及性传播感染的流行病学特征。
这项回顾性横断面研究纳入了15055名育龄参与者，其中男性7235名，女性7820名。所有参与者的样本均通过核酸扩增试验（NAATs）方法检测CT、NG和UU。
27.80%的参与者感染了三种病原体中的至少一种，女性的总体患病率（45.22%）显著高于男性（8.98%，P<0.001）。多因素逻辑回归分析表明，性别与CT阳性（女性vs男性，OR 2.276，95%CI 1.724 - 3.005，P<0.001）和UU阳性（女性vs男性，OR 8.079，95%CI 7.183 - 9.086，P<0.001）均独立相关。男性和女性中单发感染均占主导（男性：98.15%；女性：93.16%），而混合感染在女性中（6.84%）比男性中（1.85%）更常见。CT患病率在18 - 24岁的男性和女性中最高，其次是25 - 30岁和31 - 35岁。在18 - 24岁人群中，男性UU患病率以及女性NG和UU患病率也较高。与其他年龄组相比，18 - 24岁女性中的混合感染（CT+NG、CT+UU、NG+UU、CT+NG+UU）也最高。与其他临床诊断组相比，泌尿生殖系统炎症组中男性和女性的CT、NG以及CT+NG混合感染患病率均最高（P<0.05）。
在中国成都的育龄人群中，女性患病率显著高于男性。男性和女性中单发感染均占主导，而混合感染在女性中更常见。性传播感染在18 - 35岁性活跃的年轻人中更为普遍，尤其是在18 - 24岁年龄组。男性和女性的CT和NG感染均可能导致泌尿生殖系统炎症，CT+NG混合感染进一步增加炎症反应风险。
