Shevchenko Alla Yu, Ursalov Gleb I, Eromasova Natalya I, Shelyakin Pavel V, Gelfand Mikhail S, Tutukina Maria N, Abramov Andrey A, Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A, Rivkina Elizaveta M
Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Russia.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 13;15(1):16600. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99782-3.
Fumarole fields on active volcanoes are habitats that host unique microbial ecosystems. However, DNA extraction from them for further analysis is rather challenging. In this study, we compared two different ways of sample homogenization for DNA extraction to further profile the microbial communities of active fumarolic fields from Elbrus and Ushkovsky volcanoes and the frozen fumarole deposits of Fujiyama. Vertical homogenizer gave significantly higher DNA concentrations for the Elbrus samples, and more archaeal amplicon sequence variants for Elbrus and Ushkovsky samples compared to the horizontal one. This suggests that vertical homogenizer might be preferable for DNA extraction from sandy and rocky soils. Independent of the homogenizer type, the dominant phyla for Elbrus were Acidobacteriota and Pseudomonadota, and Crenarchaeota for Ushkovsky. The bacterial community of Fuji was less diverse, with Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota and Bacillota being the dominant phyla. Thus, the studied fumaroles showed distinct microbial profiles, revealing unique adaptations to their respective extreme environments. Within the fungal community, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota were the most dominant phyla for all three volcanoes, but their abundance varied. This study offers the first comprehensive analysis of microbial and fungal communities of active and frozen fumarolic fields, and demonstrates that the choice of methodology can significantly influence the understanding of microbial diversity in extreme environments.
活火山的喷气孔区域是拥有独特微生物生态系统的栖息地。然而，从这些区域提取DNA用于进一步分析颇具挑战性。在本研究中，我们比较了两种不同的用于DNA提取的样品匀浆方法，以进一步剖析厄尔布鲁士山和乌什科夫斯基火山的活喷气孔区域以及富士山的冰冻喷气孔沉积物中的微生物群落。与水平匀浆器相比，垂直匀浆器从厄尔布鲁士山样品中获得的DNA浓度显著更高，从厄尔布鲁士山和乌什科夫斯基山样品中获得的古菌扩增子序列变体更多。这表明垂直匀浆器可能更适合从沙地和岩石土壤中提取DNA。无论匀浆器类型如何，厄尔布鲁士山的优势门类为酸杆菌门和假单胞菌门，乌什科夫斯基山的为奇古菌门。富士山的细菌群落多样性较低，放线菌门、假单胞菌门和芽孢杆菌门为优势门类。因此，所研究的喷气孔显示出不同的微生物特征，揭示了对各自极端环境的独特适应性。在真菌群落中，子囊菌门、担子菌门和壶菌门是所有三座火山中最主要的门类，但它们的丰度有所不同。本研究首次对活喷气孔区域和冰冻喷气孔沉积物中的微生物和真菌群落进行了全面分析，并表明方法的选择会显著影响对极端环境中微生物多样性的理解。
