Yao Yueying, Lin Shiqi, He Ziqi, Kim Jung Eun
Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2025 May 14. doi: 10.1038/s41366-025-01806-5.
BACKGROUND/OBEJCTIVE: Although the high-protein diets (HPDs) on weight control and body composition management are well investigated, mix results have been reported across studies and this variability may be attributed to differences in the composition of other macronutrients within HPDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of HPDs with varied macronutrient compositions on body composition and cardiometabolic health outcomes through a systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis.
A comprehensive search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. A total of 83 articles were selected for systematic review and both meta-analyses.
Significant reduction in body mass (BM) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.25; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.11), body mass index (BMI) (SMD = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.15), waist circumference (WC) (SMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.04), fat mass (FM) (mean difference [MD] = -0.64 kg; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.29), along with increase in lean body mass (LBM) (MD = 0.34 kg; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.57) were observed with HPDs regiments compared to normal-protein diets. Specifically, the high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate and high-fat diet ranked the best in reducing BM, BMI, WC, FM, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and increasing LBM; while the high-protein, low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet obtained the highest score in reducing triglyceride and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
HPDs effectively reduce FM and increase LBM, and offers potential cardiometabolic benefits. Additionally, the manipulation of carbohydrate content in HPDs may further influence these outcomes.
PROSPERO (CRD42023483907).
背景/目的：尽管高蛋白饮食（HPD）对体重控制和身体成分管理的影响已得到充分研究，但各研究报告的结果不一，这种变异性可能归因于HPD中其他宏量营养素组成的差异。本研究旨在通过系统评价、成对分析和网状Meta分析，评估不同宏量营养素组成的HPD对身体成分和心脏代谢健康结局的影响。
对四个数据库（PubMed、Embase、CINAHL和Web of Science）进行全面检索，以识别相关的随机对照试验。共筛选出83篇文章进行系统评价和两项Meta分析。
与正常蛋白质饮食相比，HPD方案可显著降低体重（BM）（标准化均数差[SMD]=-0.25；95%可信区间：-0.40，-0.11）、体重指数（BMI）（SMD=-0.26；95%可信区间：-0.38，-0.15）、腰围（WC）（SMD=-0.19；95%可信区间：-0.33，-0.04）、脂肪量（FM）（均数差[MD]=-0.64 kg；95%可信区间：-0.98，-0.29），同时增加瘦体重（LBM）（MD=0.34 kg；95%可信区间：0.11，0.57）。具体而言，高蛋白、中等碳水化合物和高脂肪饮食在降低BM、BMI、WC、FM、收缩压、舒张压以及增加LBM方面排名最佳；而高蛋白、低碳水化合物和高脂肪饮食在降低甘油三酯和增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇方面得分最高。
HPD可有效减少FM并增加LBM，并对心脏代谢有益。此外，调整HPD中的碳水化合物含量可能会进一步影响这些结局。
PROSPERO（CRD42023483907）
