杂交和选择为固原牛的保护和育种提供了见解。

Admixture and selection offer insights for the conservation and breeding of Guyuan cattle.

作者信息

Liu Shuang, Yan Huixuan, Feng Xue, Luo Xiaoyu, Lv Yang, Lei Chuzhao, Chen Ningbo, Ma Yun

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Breeding of Ruminants in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.

Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.

出版信息

BMC Biol. 2025 May 13;23(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s12915-025-02213-y.

DOI:10.1186/s12915-025-02213-y

PMID:40361071

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12077033/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The admixture between taurine and indicine cattle increases breed diversity and provides new genetic resources for human and natural selection. The climate of northwestern China is typified by cold and arid conditions, and cattle in this region are primarily taurine breeds. However, Guyuan cattle inhabit a transitional zone in northwestern China, typified by semi-arid and semi-humid climates. It is hypothesized that Guyuan cattle have a little of indicine ancestry. These results suggest that Guyuan cattle are a valuable genetic resource.

RESULTS

We established a conservation population of Guyuan cattle in their native habitat. We found that Guyuan cattle were an admixture between 78.09% East Asian taurine (EAT) and 20.26% East Asian indicine (EAI) ancestries. The admixture in Guyuan cattle was dated to 255 years ago. Notably, we identified Guyuan cattle as a unique genetic resource, representing a transitional breed between northern and central Chinese cattle with distinct admixture proportions. We revealed that the selection signals in Guyuan cattle with excess EAT ancestry were associated with reproduction, immunity, body length, cold climate adaptation, pigmentation, muscle development, residual feed intake, and fat deposition and that the selection signals in Guyuan cattle with excess EAI ancestry were associated with disease resistance. Remarkably, we discovered valuable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the RBM39 and NEK6 genes, which may play key roles in regulating muscle development and disease resistance.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that Guyuan cattle are a newly identified genetic resource, and the native taurine and indicine ancestries in Guyuan cattle remain a valuable genetic resource of conservation and breeding.

摘要

背景

Taurine牛和瘤牛的杂交增加了品种多样性，为人工选择和自然选择提供了新的遗传资源。中国西北部气候寒冷干燥，该地区的牛主要是Taurine品种。然而，固原牛生活在中国西北部的一个过渡地带，气候为半干旱和半湿润。据推测，固原牛有少量瘤牛血统。这些结果表明固原牛是一种有价值的遗传资源。

结果

我们在固原牛的原生栖息地建立了一个保种群。我们发现固原牛是东亚Taurine牛（EAT）和东亚瘤牛（EAI）血统的混合体，其中EAT血统占78.09%，EAI血统占20.26%。固原牛的混合血统可追溯到255年前。值得注意的是，我们将固原牛确定为一种独特的遗传资源，代表了中国北方和中部牛之间的一个过渡品种，具有独特的混合比例。我们发现，EAT血统过多的固原牛的选择信号与繁殖、免疫、体长、寒冷气候适应、色素沉着、肌肉发育、剩余采食量和脂肪沉积有关，而EAI血统过多的固原牛的选择信号与抗病性有关。值得注意的是，我们在RBM39和NEK6基因的启动子区域发现了有价值的单核苷酸多态性（SNP），它们可能在调节肌肉发育和抗病性方面发挥关键作用。