Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrative Anthropology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2024 Nov 15;69(21):3425-3433. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.016. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Aurochs (Bos primigenius), once widely distributed in Afro-Eurasia, became extinct in the early 1600 s. However, their phylogeography and relative contributions to domestic cattle remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed 16 genomes of ancient aurochs and three mitogenomes of ancient bison (Bison priscus) excavated in East Asia, dating from 43,000 to 3,590 years ago. These newly generated data with previously published genomic information on aurochs as well as ancient/extant domestic cattle worldwide through genome analysis. Our findings revealed significant genetic divergence between East Asian aurochs and their European, Near Eastern, and African counterparts on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear genomic data. Furthermore, we identified evidence of gene flow from East Asian aurochs into ancient and present-day taurine cattle, suggesting their potential role in facilitating the environmental adaptation of domestic cattle.
欧洲野牛（Bos primigenius）曾经广泛分布于非洲-欧亚大陆，于 17 世纪初灭绝。然而，其系统地理学及其对家牛的相对贡献仍不清楚。本研究通过基因组分析，对东亚出土的 16 头古代欧洲野牛和 3 头古代野牛（Bison priscus）的 16 个基因组和 3 个线粒体基因组进行了分析，这些样本的年代在 4.3 万至 3590 年前。结合之前发表的关于欧洲野牛的基因组信息以及全球范围内的古代/现代家牛的基因组信息，我们通过基因组分析发现，东亚的欧洲野牛与来自欧洲、近东和非洲的欧洲野牛在基于线粒体和核基因组数据的情况下存在显著的遗传分化。此外，我们还发现了东亚欧洲野牛的基因流入到古代和现代的瘤牛的证据，这表明它们可能在家牛的环境适应中发挥了作用。
