Schmid P, Berg A, Lehmann M, Schwaberger G, Keul J
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1985 May 31;135(9-10):228-34.
Every energy demanding process in the skeletal muscle is associated with the use of adenosinetriphosphate, the essential muscular high-energy phosphate. ATP is rephosphorylated by ADP (= adenosine diphosphate) and this process depends on the type, intensity and duration of the physical exercise. At the beginning of a vigorous physical exercise utilization of intramuscular ATP and phosphocreatine is predominant (= anaerobic-alactacide energy yielding). Then the ATP rephosphorylation based on the conversion of glycogen and glucose to lactate, especially by an exercise duration till 2 min (= anaerobic-alactacide energy yielding). Toward this duration or if the exertion intensity at start has been below 60 to 70% of maximal physical performance, ADP is rephosphorylated during oxidative phosphorylation by the skeletal muscle mitochondria using glycogen, glucose or free fatty acids as energy fuel. Training, age and sex may influence anaerobic and aerobic energy-yielding as well as metabolism and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle.
骨骼肌中每一个需要能量的过程都与三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的使用相关，ATP是肌肉必需的高能磷酸盐。ATP由二磷酸腺苷（ADP）重新磷酸化，这个过程取决于体育锻炼的类型、强度和持续时间。在剧烈体育锻炼开始时，肌肉内ATP和磷酸肌酸的利用占主导地位（即无氧 - 乳酸能供能）。然后，基于糖原和葡萄糖转化为乳酸的过程进行ATP重新磷酸化，特别是在持续2分钟的运动中（即无氧 - 乳酸能供能）。在这个时间段或如果开始时的运动强度低于最大体能的60%至70%，ADP在氧化磷酸化过程中由骨骼肌线粒体利用糖原、葡萄糖或游离脂肪酸作为能量燃料进行重新磷酸化。训练、年龄和性别可能会影响无氧和有氧供能以及骨骼肌的代谢和超微结构。
