Wang Tong, Ma Xiaoming, Ma Chaofan, Yu Qinran, Liang Chunnian, Yan Ping
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Institute of Western Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 931100, China.
Foods. 2025 Apr 30;14(9):1575. doi: 10.3390/foods14091575.
Fatty acid synthase () is a fundamental metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of endogenous fatty acids; TACR3, also known as tachykinin receptor 3 or NK3R, is an important G-protein-coupled receptor that is primarily responsible for responding to neuropeptides such as neurokinin B (NKB) and plays a crucial role in embryonic development, organ formation, and cell differentiation. This study aimed to explore the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the and genes and the milk quality of Gannan yak and to determine them as potential molecular marker loci for the milk quality of yaks. The genotyping of 162 Gannan yaks was performed using liquid-phase chip technology. Association analyses were conducted between the obtained SNP loci genotypes and milk composition traits, including milk protein, casein, non-fat solids, and acidity. Comparative sequence analysis of two genes ( and ) across multiple species revealed that the yak gene exhibited the highest homology with and , while the yak gene showed the greatest sequence similarity to . Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests were performed on four SNP loci, and the equilibrium indices of the four loci were 0.799, 0.368, 0.689, and 0.948 ( > 0.05), indicating that all of these loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state. g.13,276T>C () was significantly correlated with lactose content traits ( < 0.05); g.74,382C>G () was significantly correlated with casein, protein, total solids, non-fat solids, and acidity traits ( < 0.05); g.40,529A>G () was significantly correlated with protein, non-fat solids, citric acid, and acidity traits ( < 0.05). The influence of g.40,555C>T () on these traits did not reach a significant level ( > 0.05). This study suggests that two genes can serve as potential candidate genes affecting the quality of Gannan yak milk, providing reference genes for improving the quality of Gannan yak milk.
脂肪酸合酶（）是一种催化内源性脂肪酸合成的基本代谢酶；TACR3，也称为速激肽受体3或NK3R，是一种重要的G蛋白偶联受体，主要负责对神经肽如神经激肽B（NKB）作出反应，并在胚胎发育、器官形成和细胞分化中起关键作用。本研究旨在探讨和基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与甘南牦牛乳品质之间的关联，并将它们确定为牦牛乳品质的潜在分子标记位点。使用液相芯片技术对162头甘南牦牛进行基因分型。对获得的SNP位点基因型与乳成分性状（包括乳蛋白、酪蛋白、非脂固形物和酸度）进行关联分析。对多个物种的两个基因（和）进行比较序列分析，结果显示牦牛基因与和的同源性最高，而牦牛基因与的序列相似性最大。对四个SNP位点进行哈迪-温伯格平衡检验，四个位点的平衡指数分别为0.799、0.368、0.689和0.948（>0.05），表明所有这些位点均处于哈迪-温伯格平衡状态。g.13,276T>C（）与乳糖含量性状显著相关（<0.05）；g.74,382C>G（）与酪蛋白、蛋白质、总固形物、非脂固形物和酸度性状显著相关（<0.05）；g.40,529A>G（）与蛋白质、非脂固形物、柠檬酸和酸度性状显著相关（<0.05）。g.40,555C>T（）对这些性状的影响未达到显著水平（>0.05）。本研究表明，两个基因可作为影响甘南牦牛乳品质的潜在候选基因，为提高甘南牦牛乳品质提供参考基因。
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