A Nationwide Survey to Investigate Burnout and Quality of Life Among Thoracic Surgery Residents in Italy.

: Surgical residents are a high-risk population for burnout, yet no studies have assessed its prevalence among thoracic surgery residents in Europe or Italy. : A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among Italian thoracic surgery residents to assess burnout and quality of life. The Maslach Burnout Inventory measured burnout risk, while tailored questions evaluated quality of life. Univariate and multivariable analyses identified burnout risk factors, and χ tests explored relevant associations between variables. : Of 193 eligible residents, 98 (50.8%) completed the survey. High burnout risk was identified in 60.2% of respondents. Independent risk factor associations between burnout risk and low perceived inclusion and aggregation, low colleague quality, low residency program rating, low personal life satisfaction, perceived lack of valorization, and exposure to sexual harassment were not significant in multivariable models. No differences in burnout risk were found across gender, geographic location, or training year. : Burnout among Italian thoracic surgery residents underscores systemic challenges such as excessive administrative demands, insufficient mentorship, limitations to self-care, and gaps in theoretical training. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive reforms, including curriculum enhancement, strengthened mentorship, improved administrative support, and accessible mental health resources. A multi-level intervention strategy is essential to enhance resident well-being and training quality.