Włodarski Adam, Szymczak-Pajor Izabela, Kasznicki Jacek, Antanaviciute Egle Morta, Szymańska Bożena, Śliwińska Agnieszka
Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 26;26(9):4127. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094127.
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs), including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are increasingly prevalent in the aging population. Oxidative stress (OxS) plays a pivotal role in CMD pathogenesis, with extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) and catalase (CAT) serving as critical antioxidant defenses. Additionally, microRNAs (miR-21 and miR-30b) regulate the oxidative and inflammatory pathways, yet their roles in elderly CMD patients remain unclear. This study evaluated miR-21 and miR-30b expression alongside SOD3 and CAT plasma levels in individuals aged ≥ 65 years (n = 126) categorized into control (n = 38), prediabetes (n = 37), and T2DM (n = 51) groups. Quantitative PCR assessed miRNA expression, while ELISA measured the enzyme levels. SOD3 levels were significantly reduced in CMDs, particularly in T2DM, whereas miR-21 was upregulated. A negative correlation between SOD3 and miR-21 was strongest in T2DM, suggesting a regulatory interplay. Neither CAT levels nor miR-30b expression differed among groups. Logistic regression indicated SOD3 as a protective biomarker, with each 1 ng/mL increase reducing the CMD risk by ~5-6%. The ROC analysis supported SOD3's diagnostic potential, while miR-21 showed a modest association. These findings highlight SOD3 downregulation and miR-21 upregulation as potential contributors to CMD progression in elderly patients, warranting further research into their mechanistic roles and therapeutic potential.
包括糖尿病前期和2型糖尿病（T2DM）在内的碳水化合物代谢紊乱（CMD）在老年人群中日益普遍。氧化应激（OxS）在CMD发病机制中起关键作用，细胞外超氧化物歧化酶（SOD3）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）是重要的抗氧化防御物质。此外，微小RNA（miR-21和miR-30b）调节氧化和炎症途径，但其在老年CMD患者中的作用仍不清楚。本研究评估了年龄≥65岁（n = 126）的个体中miR-21和miR-30b的表达以及SOD3和CAT的血浆水平，这些个体被分为对照组（n = 38）、糖尿病前期组（n = 37）和T2DM组（n = 51）。定量PCR评估miRNA表达，而ELISA测量酶水平。CMD患者中SOD3水平显著降低，尤其是T2DM患者，而miR-21上调。T2DM患者中SOD3与miR-21之间的负相关性最强，表明存在调节相互作用。各组间CAT水平和miR-30b表达均无差异。逻辑回归表明SOD3是一种保护性生物标志物，每增加1 ng/mL可使CMD风险降低约5-6%。ROC分析支持SOD3的诊断潜力，而miR-21显示出适度的相关性。这些发现突出了SOD3下调和miR-21上调可能是老年患者CMD进展的原因，值得进一步研究它们的机制作用和治疗潜力。
