De Rino Francesca, Rispoli Francesca, Zuffi Marta, Matteucci Eleonora, Gavazzi Armando, Salvatici Michela, Sansico Delia Francesca, Pollaroli Giulia, Drago Lorenzo
Neurology Unit, Castellanza Hospital, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20153 Milan, Italy.
UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 1;26(9):4308. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094308.
Neuropsychological interviews and neuroimaging techniques are traditional diagnostic methods for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the development of blood-based biomarkers, such as Amyloid beta (Aβ), phosphorylated Tau (pTau), and their ratios, offers promising non-invasive alternatives for early AD detection. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between CSF and plasma biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, pTau181) and evaluate their diagnostic performance in 51 patients with cognitive impairments. Biomarkers were analyzed in both plasma and CSF using an automated chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, Lumipulse (Fujirebio). The results showed significant positive correlations between CSF and plasma levels of Aβ42, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and pTau181, but not for Aβ40. Plasma Aβ42, pTau181, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and pTau181/Aβ42 ratio demonstrated significant differences between patients A+ vs. A- classified based on CSF Amyloid status, as well as between those classified as A+T+ and A-T- according to both CSF Amyloid and Tau levels. Plasma pTau181, Aβ42/Aβ40, and pTau181/Aβ42 ratio showed high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing A+ from A- (AUC = 0.93-0.95) and A+T+ from A-T- patients (AUC = 0.93-0.97). These findings suggest that plasma biomarkers can effectively differentiate between AD and other forms of dementia, and serve as a reliable, non-invasive tool for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease.
神经心理学访谈和神经影像学技术是诊断阿尔茨海默病（AD）的传统方法。然而，基于血液的生物标志物的发展，如β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）、磷酸化tau蛋白（pTau）及其比率，为AD的早期检测提供了有前景的非侵入性替代方法。本研究旨在分析脑脊液和血浆生物标志物（Aβ40、Aβ42、Aβ42/Aβ40、pTau181）之间的相关性，并评估它们在51例认知障碍患者中的诊断性能。使用自动化学发光酶免疫分析法Lumipulse（富士瑞必欧）对血浆和脑脊液中的生物标志物进行分析。结果显示，脑脊液和血浆中Aβ42、Aβ42/Aβ40比率和pTau181水平之间存在显著正相关，但Aβ40不存在这种相关性。根据脑脊液淀粉样蛋白状态分类的A+与A-患者之间，以及根据脑脊液淀粉样蛋白和tau水平分类为A+T+和A-T-的患者之间，血浆Aβ42、pTau181、Aβ42/Aβ40比率和pTau181/Aβ42比率存在显著差异。血浆pTau181、Aβ42/Aβ40和pTau181/Aβ42比率在区分A+与A-（AUC = 0.93 - 0.95）以及A+T+与A-T-患者（AUC = 0.93 - 0.97）方面显示出较高的诊断准确性。这些发现表明，血浆生物标志物可以有效区分AD和其他形式的痴呆，并作为一种可靠的非侵入性工具用于阿尔茨海默病的早期检测和监测。
