Poklukar Klavdija, Čandek-Potokar Marjeta, Vrecl Milka, Brankovič Jana, Uršič Matjaž, Škrlep Martin
Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 7;26(9):4440. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094440.
The Slovenian autochthonous breed, Krškopolje pig, is known for high fatness and better adaptability to different environmental conditions and feed resources. However, the metabolic processes underlying these adaptations, especially in response to different diets, have not yet been studied. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could provide valuable insights into the breed's adaptability to different environmental conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-protein (LP) diet on adipose tissue in Krškopolje pigs reared in either organic outdoor (n = 2 × 12) or conventional indoor (n = 2 × 14) systems. In the outdoor system, the LP diet had no effect on adipocyte size compared to the control (high-protein) diet, while it increased lipogenic enzyme activities and monounsaturated fatty acid content, and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid content ( < 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed the upregulation of 28 genes and the downregulation of 37 genes. The upregulated genes were mainly involved in lipid metabolism (, , , ), oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. In the indoor system, pigs on the LP diet had smaller adipocytes ( < 0.05), whereas no differences were detected in the lipogenic enzyme activities or fatty acid composition ( > 0.10). RNA sequencing revealed 30 upregulated and 28 downregulated genes. In the indoor system, heat shock proteins (, ) were upregulated in pigs on the LP diet, while genes involved in the innate immune system (, , ) were downregulated. To conclude, the present study showed that LP diet affected adipose tissue metabolism and gene expression in Krškopolje pigs, with different transcriptomic responses observed in outdoor and indoor rearing conditions.
斯洛文尼亚本土品种克尔什科波尔耶猪以其高脂肪含量以及对不同环境条件和饲料资源的较强适应能力而闻名。然而，这些适应性背后的代谢过程，尤其是对不同饮食的反应，尚未得到研究。更深入地了解这些机制可以为该品种对不同环境条件的适应性提供有价值的见解。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估低蛋白（LP）日粮对在有机户外（n = 2×12）或传统室内（n = 2×14）系统中饲养的克尔什科波尔耶猪脂肪组织的影响。在户外系统中，与对照（高蛋白）日粮相比，LP日粮对脂肪细胞大小没有影响，但增加了脂肪生成酶活性和单不饱和脂肪酸含量，并降低了多不饱和脂肪酸含量（P<0.05）。RNA测序显示28个基因上调，37个基因下调。上调的基因主要参与脂质代谢（，，，）、氧化应激和线粒体功能。在室内系统中，LP日粮组的猪脂肪细胞较小（P<0.05），而脂肪生成酶活性或脂肪酸组成没有差异（P>0.10）。RNA测序显示30个基因上调，28个基因下调。在室内系统中，LP日粮组的猪热休克蛋白（，）上调，而参与先天免疫系统的基因（，，）下调。总之，本研究表明LP日粮影响了克尔什科波尔耶猪的脂肪组织代谢和基因表达，在户外和室内饲养条件下观察到了不同的转录组反应。
