不同补充剂在缓解多动症症状（无论是否使用兴奋剂）方面的效果：一项系统评价
Efficiency of Different Supplements in Alleviating Symptoms of ADHD with or Without the Use of Stimulants: A Systematic Review.
作者信息
Al Shahab Shatha, Al Balushi Rawan, Qambar Amna, Abdulla Ruqayah, Qader Maryam, Abdulla Shooq, Jahrami Haitham
机构信息
College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.
Governmental Hospitals, Manama P.O. Box 12, Bahrain.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 28;17(9):1482. doi: 10.3390/nu17091482.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of different supplements, such as L-theanine, caffeine, L., and for improving ADHD symptoms, to determine the most effective supplement and provide insight for medical practice.
METHODS
International databases (PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus) were searched for English-language RCTs, open-label studies, and cross-sectional studies.
RESULTS
Studies on L-theanine, caffeine, L., and have shown various effects on ADHD symptoms. L-theanine improved sleep efficiency but not other sleep parameters. Caffeine showed no significant benefits, although its combination with L-theanine may enhance attention. consistently improved inattention, hyperactivity, and memory, whereas L. reduced ADHD symptoms, particularly inattention, but was less effective than methylphenidate.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence revealed the potential use of supplements as complementary ADHD treatments under clinical guidance. The limited effect of supplements cannot replace the well-documented efficacy of stimulants for ADHD treatment. Additional studies are needed to ascertain the most effective dosages and the safety of these supplements as adjunctive treatments for ADHD.
目的
本综述旨在评估不同补充剂（如茶氨酸、咖啡因等）改善注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的疗效和安全性，以确定最有效的补充剂，并为医疗实践提供见解。
方法
检索国际数据库（PubMed/MEDLINE和Scopus），查找英文随机对照试验、开放标签研究和横断面研究。
结果
关于茶氨酸、咖啡因等的研究对ADHD症状显示出不同影响。茶氨酸改善了睡眠效率，但对其他睡眠参数无影响。咖啡因未显示出显著益处，不过其与茶氨酸联合使用可能会提高注意力。[此处原文缺失具体物质名称]持续改善注意力不集中、多动和记忆力，而[此处原文缺失具体物质名称]减轻了ADHD症状，尤其是注意力不集中，但效果不如哌甲酯。
结论
证据表明在临床指导下补充剂可作为ADHD辅助治疗的潜在用途。补充剂效果有限，无法替代已充分证明的兴奋剂对ADHD治疗的疗效。需要进一步研究以确定这些补充剂作为ADHD辅助治疗的最有效剂量和安全性。
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