Xu Runcen, Molenaar Adrian J, Chen Zhi, Yuan Yuan
Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Rumen Microbiology and Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 30;17(9):1540. doi: 10.3390/nu17091540.
Unsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have garnered increasing scientific interest due to their therapeutic potential in chronic disease management. Dietary sources such as milk provide essential unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. Current evidence indicates that these compounds and their derivatives regulate critical physiological processes, such as neurodevelopment, visual function, immune modulation, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Their multifunctional roles encompass the structural maintenance of biological membranes, cardioprotective effects, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities, and metabolic regulation. However, despite established associations between unsaturated fatty acids and chronic diseases, the mechanistic contributions of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to complex neuropsychiatric disorders remain poorly characterized. Furthermore, the controversial role of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic disease pathogenesis necessitates urgent clarification. This review systematically examines the structural properties, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, dermatological conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and depression. By integrating recent advances in dietary science, this work aims to address knowledge gaps in their neuropsychiatric implications and refine evidence-based strategies for chronic disease intervention through optimized nutritional approaches.
不饱和脂肪酸，特别是ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸，因其在慢性病管理中的治疗潜力而受到越来越多的科学关注。牛奶等膳食来源提供必需的不饱和脂肪酸，包括亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。目前的证据表明，这些化合物及其衍生物调节关键的生理过程，如神经发育、视觉功能、免疫调节和心血管稳态。它们的多功能作用包括生物膜的结构维持、心脏保护作用、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性以及代谢调节。然而，尽管不饱和脂肪酸与慢性病之间已建立关联，但ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸对复杂神经精神疾病的作用机制仍不清楚。此外，ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸在慢性病发病机制中的争议性作用亟待澄清。本综述系统地研究了ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸在心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、皮肤病、神经退行性疾病和抑郁症中的结构特性、分子机制和治疗应用。通过整合饮食科学的最新进展，这项工作旨在解决它们在神经精神方面的知识空白，并通过优化营养方法完善基于证据的慢性病干预策略。
