Chu Ruixia, Zhang Hongtao, Huang Wanyou, Qiu Fangyuan, Wang Yan, Li Zhenyu, Jin Xiaoyue
Automotive Engineering College, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China.
Intelligent Testing and High-End Equipment of Automotive Power Systems, Shandong Province Engineering Research Center, Jinan 250357, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Apr 26;18(9):1969. doi: 10.3390/ma18091969.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power, high capacity, and support for fast charging are increasingly favored by consumers. As a commercial electrode material for power batteries, LiFePO was limited from further wide application due to its low conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate. The development of advanced architectures integrating rational conductive networks with optimized ion transport pathways represents a critical frontier in optimizing the performance of cathode materials. In this paper, a novel self-supporting cathode material (designated as LFP@LVP-CES) was synthesized through an integrated coaxial electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis strategy. This methodology directly converts LiFePO, LiV(PO), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) into flexible, binder-free cathodes with a hierarchical structural organization. The 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF) matrix synergistically integrates LiFePO (Li/Fe/PO) and LiV(PO) (Li/V/PO) nanoparticles, where CNFs act as a conductive scaffold to enhance electron transport, while the PO polyanionic frameworks stabilize Li diffusion pathways. Morphological characterizations (SEM and TEM) revealed a 3D cross-connected carbon nanofiber matrix (diameter: 250 ± 50 nm) uniformly embedded with active material particles. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that the LFP@LVP-CES cathode delivers an initial specific capacity of 165 mAh·g at 0.1 C, maintaining 80 mAh·g at 5 C. Notably, the material exhibited exceptional rate capability and cycling stability, demonstrating a 96% capacity recovery after high-rate cycling upon returning to 0.1 C, along with 97% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 1 C. Detailed kinetic analysis through EIS revealed significantly reduced R and increased Li diffusion. This superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects between the 3D conductive network architecture and dual active materials. Compared with traditional coating processes and high-temperature calcination, the preparation of controllable electrospinning and low-temperature pyrolysis to some extent avoid the introduction of harmful substances and reduce raw material consumption and carbon emissions. This original integration strategy establishes a paradigm for designing freestanding electrode architectures through 3D structural design combined with a bimodal active material, providing critical insights for next-generation energy storage systems.
具有高功率、高容量以及支持快速充电的锂离子电池（LIBs）越来越受到消费者的青睐。作为动力锂电池的一种商业电极材料，LiFePO由于其低电导率和锂离子扩散速率而受限，无法进一步广泛应用。开发将合理的导电网络与优化的离子传输路径相结合的先进结构，是优化阴极材料性能的关键前沿领域。在本文中，通过集成同轴静电纺丝和可控热解策略合成了一种新型自支撑阴极材料（命名为LFP@LVP-CES）。该方法直接将LiFePO、LiV(PO)和聚丙烯腈（PAN）转化为具有分级结构组织的柔性、无粘结剂阴极。三维碳纳米纤维（CNF）基体协同整合了LiFePO（Li/Fe/PO）和LiV(PO)（Li/V/PO）纳米颗粒，其中CNF充当导电支架以增强电子传输，而PO多阴离子框架稳定锂扩散路径。形态表征（SEM和TEM）显示出三维交叉连接的碳纳米纤维基体（直径：250±50nm）均匀地嵌入活性材料颗粒。电化学评估表明，LFP@LVP-CES阴极在0.1C下的初始比容量为165mAh·g，在5C下保持80mAh·g。值得注意的是，该材料表现出卓越的倍率性能和循环稳定性，在回到0.1C时，高速率循环后容量恢复率为96%，在1C下200次循环后容量保持率为97%。通过EIS进行的详细动力学分析表明，R显著降低，锂扩散增加。这种优异的电化学性能可归因于三维导电网络结构与双活性材料之间的协同效应。与传统的涂覆工艺和高温煅烧相比，可控静电纺丝和低温热解的制备在一定程度上避免了有害物质的引入，减少了原材料消耗和碳排放。这种原创的整合策略通过三维结构设计结合双峰活性材料，为设计独立电极结构建立了一个范例，为下一代储能系统提供了关键见解。
