Zhou Weiru, Xie Zonghong
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;18(9):2064. doi: 10.3390/ma18092064.
Rubber seals have been widely applied in mechanical sealing structures in various fields such as automobiles, aerospace, and deep-sea hydraulic systems. The current analysis methods for O-ring sealing performance mainly include experiments and simulations. This study takes the motor sealing structure as the research object and proposes a multi-objective optimization method for designing sealing structures. Based on the finite element analysis model, the main indicators related to sealing performance were obtained. These indicators transfer to multi-objective optimization analysis to determine the influence of different groove depths on sealing performance. The analysis results show that when the bolt preload is 50 N, a groove depth of 0.9 mm is the optimal design scheme. The optimal relationship between the O-ring diameter D and the sealing structure groove depth is H = 0.6 D. Moreover, a prototype test under the condition of IPX7 requirement verifies the optimal design scheme's waterproof performance. The proposed method provides multiple design schemes for comprehensive evaluation considering different sealing structures. It reveals that the sealing performance is not only determined by rubber material characteristics but also by seal structure dimension.
橡胶密封件已广泛应用于汽车、航空航天和深海液压系统等各个领域的机械密封结构中。目前O形圈密封性能的分析方法主要包括实验和模拟。本研究以电机密封结构为研究对象，提出了一种用于设计密封结构的多目标优化方法。基于有限元分析模型，获得了与密封性能相关的主要指标。将这些指标进行多目标优化分析，以确定不同槽深对密封性能的影响。分析结果表明，当螺栓预紧力为50 N时，槽深0.9 mm是最优设计方案。O形圈直径D与密封结构槽深的最优关系为H = 0.6D。此外，在IPX7要求条件下的原型测试验证了最优设计方案的防水性能。所提出的方法为考虑不同密封结构的综合评估提供了多种设计方案。结果表明，密封性能不仅取决于橡胶材料特性，还取决于密封结构尺寸。
