Conformational Locking of the Geometry in Photoluminescent Cyclometalated N^C^N Ni(II) Complexes.

In our research aimed at replacing precious transition metals like platinum with abundant base metals such as nickel for efficient triplet emitters, we synthesized and studied Ni(II) complexes [Ni(L)Cl]. These complexes containing the N^C^N cyclometalating dipyridyl-phenide ligand, equipped with pending H-bonding amine groups (NH(C₆H₅) (L) and NH(C₆H₅CH₂), ClL). Molecular structures determined from experimental X-ray diffractometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations in the ground state showed marked deviation of the Cl coligand (ancillary ligand) from the ideal planar coordination, with τ values of 0.35 and 0.33, respectively, along with hydrogen bonding interactions of the ligand NH function with the Cl coligand. The complexes exhibit long-wavelength absorption bands at approximately 425 nm in solution, with the experimental spectra being accurately reproduced through time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Vibrationally structured emission profiles and steady-state photoluminescence quantum yields of 30% for [Ni(L)Cl] and 40% for [Ni(L)Cl] (along with dual excited state lifetimes in the ns and in the ms range) were found in frozen 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2MeTHF) glassy matrices at 77 K. Furthermore, within a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix, the complexes showed emission bands centered at around 550 nm within a temperature range from 6 K to 300 K with lifetimes similar to 77 K. Based on TD-DFT potential scans along the metal-ligand (Ni-N) coordinate, we found that in a rigid environment that restricts the geometry to the Franck-Condon region, either the triplet or the singlet state could contribute to the photoluminescence.