Hu Xiaohong, Gao Yuhong, Song Yixuan, Yang Xiaoqin, Liu Keyang, Luo Bin, Sun Yan, Li Li
College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
School of Management, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, People's Republic of China.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2025 May 9;17:865-878. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S503222. eCollection 2025.
The influence of sleep environments on sleep quality is well-established; however, the specific role of mattress design remains underexplored. Existing studies focus primarily on ergonomic aspects, such as pressure relief and spinal support, yet lack conclusive evidence linking these features to improved sleep quality.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mattress firmness on sleep quality. Twelve participants with a moderate body mass index (BMI) were tested across three levels of mattress firmness: soft (32.6 HA), medium (64.6 HA), and firm (83.8 HA). Sleep architecture and neurophysiological activity were assessed using polysomnography (PSG), with EEG-derived features, including power spectral characteristics, sleep spindle activity, and slow-wave parameters, further analyzed.
Our findings indicate that a medium-firm mattress provides better sleep quality, reflected in a narrower range (Range=xmax-xmin) of sleep duration, efficiency, and sleep latency, as well as increased sleep spindle activity. A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of mattress type on sleep latency (p < 0.05, partial η²=0.26), with sleep latency being longer on the soft mattress (12.42 ± 1.94 min) than the medium mattress (7.71 ± 1.31 min, p < 0.05). Another repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences in stage transitions (p < 0.05, partial η²=0.32), with more transitions on the soft mattress (29.17 ± 2.35) compared to the firm mattress (21.75 ± 2.13, p < 0.05). The firm mattress yielded mixed results, suggesting suitability for some individuals but not universally. Post-sleep vigilance differences were not statistically significant.
This study provides evidence that mattress firmness significantly influences sleep quality, with medium firmness offering optimal outcomes for individuals with a moderate BMI. The findings contribute to the development of scientifically informed mattress designs, including smart mattresses aimed at improving sleep quality.
睡眠环境对睡眠质量的影响已得到充分证实；然而，床垫设计的具体作用仍未得到充分探索。现有研究主要集中在人体工程学方面，如压力缓解和脊柱支撑，但缺乏将这些特征与改善睡眠质量联系起来的确凿证据。
本研究旨在评估床垫硬度对睡眠质量的影响。选取12名体重指数（BMI）适中的参与者，在三种床垫硬度水平下进行测试：软（32.6HA）、中（64.6HA）和硬（83.8HA）。使用多导睡眠图（PSG）评估睡眠结构和神经生理活动，并进一步分析脑电图衍生特征，包括功率谱特征、睡眠纺锤波活动和慢波参数。
我们的研究结果表明，中等硬度的床垫能提供更好的睡眠质量，表现为睡眠时间、睡眠效率和睡眠潜伏期的范围更窄（范围 = xmax - xmin），以及睡眠纺锤波活动增加。重复测量方差分析显示床垫类型对睡眠潜伏期有显著影响（p < 0.05，偏 η² = 0.26），软床垫上的睡眠潜伏期（12.42 ± 1.94分钟）比中等硬度床垫（7.71 ± 1.31分钟，p < 0.05）更长。另一项重复测量方差分析显示睡眠阶段转换存在显著差异（p < 0.05，偏 η² = 0.32），软床垫上的转换次数（29.17 ± 2.35）比硬床垫（21.75 ± 2.13，p < 0.05）更多。硬床垫的结果不一，表明适合某些人但并非普遍适用。睡眠后警觉性差异无统计学意义。
本研究提供了证据表明床垫硬度显著影响睡眠质量，中等硬度对BMI适中的个体提供最佳效果。这些发现有助于开发基于科学的床垫设计，包括旨在改善睡眠质量的智能床垫。
