Dong Yan, Li Yuqian, Liu Yan, Zhao Yan, Zhang Heng, Sun Yun, Li Zizi
Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 29;13:1486497. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1486497. eCollection 2025.
Occupational noise-induced deafness is the second most prevalent occupational disease in China after pneumoconiosis. This study aims to estimate overall noise exposure levels and trends in industrial enterprises in Beijing. A total of 286 enterprises were monitored, and the median and interquartile range (IQR) of noise exposure levels were calculated. The distribution of noise exposure level was analyzed, revealing that 116 enterprises exceeded permissible noise limits. In terms of industry, noise exceedance was observed in 28 enterprises engaged in metal product manufacturing (24.13%) and 27 enterprises in motor vehicle manufacturing (23.28%). Regarding ownership type, 71 limited liability companies exhibited noise exceedance, making up 61.20% of the total. Multivariate logistic regression identified industry-specific risk factors associated with noise exceedance. The risk was significantly higher in metal product manufacturing (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.61-6.82) and railway, shipping, aerospace, and other transportation equipment manufacturing (OR = 12.18, 95% CI: 1.40-105.63). Conversely, enterprises engaged in printing and recorded media reproduction exhibited a lower risk (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13-0.67). The noise exceedance rate in Beijing is lower than the national average, and levels in line closely with nationwide standards. Detailed surveillance of noise exposure levels provides a basis for occupational health authorities to conduct targeted supervision and formulate industry-specific control measures for high-risk sectors and job roles.
职业性噪声聋是我国仅次于尘肺病的第二大常见职业病。本研究旨在评估北京工业企业的总体噪声暴露水平及趋势。共监测了286家企业，计算了噪声暴露水平的中位数和四分位数间距（IQR）。分析了噪声暴露水平的分布情况，发现有116家企业超过了噪声允许限值。在行业方面，从事金属制品制造的28家企业（24.13%）和从事汽车制造的27家企业（23.28%）存在噪声超标情况。在企业所有制类型方面，71家有限责任公司存在噪声超标情况，占总数的61.20%。多因素logistic回归分析确定了与噪声超标相关的行业特定风险因素。金属制品制造业（OR = 3.31，95%CI：1.61 - 6.82）以及铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业（OR = 12.18，95%CI：1.40 - 105.63）的风险显著更高。相反，从事印刷和记录媒介复制的企业风险较低（OR = 0.29, 95%CI：0.13 - 0.67）。北京的噪声超标率低于全国平均水平，且水平与国家标准密切相符。对噪声暴露水平的详细监测为职业卫生主管部门进行有针对性的监管以及针对高风险行业和工作岗位制定行业特定控制措施提供了依据。
