Karimov Boburbek, Tojibaev Sh Komiljon, Azimova Dilnoza, Yusupov Ziyoviddin, Liu Lufeng
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Department of Biology Teaching Methodology, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Apr 29;16:1522950. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1522950. eCollection 2025.
The study focused on analyzing the chloroplast genome structure and investigating the phylogenetic relationships among six species of the genus. Within the Asteraceae family, the complete chloroplast genome sequences of six species, ranging from 152,553 to 152,619 bp. The chloroplast genomes exhibit a characteristic quadripartite structure. The gene order is largely conserved across the genus, with an exception in the small single copy region, where a reverse orientation is observed in comparison to . A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, with 18 genes showing duplication. Notably, 16 genes contain introns, with and carrying two introns each. Nucleotide diversity analysis revealed 412 polymorphic sites across 152,892 nucleotides in six species. Higher nucleotide polymorphism levels were found in , and genomic regions, indicating possible genomic loci for species differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis using complete chloroplast genomes, demonstrated the genus 's phylogenetic placement within the Cardueae tribe, forming distinct clades that align with its traditional sectional classification. The Arctiinae subtribe, containing , forms a monophyletic group with , while Saussureinae were found to be polyphyletic. The findings suggest that while morphological traits are valuable in taxonomy, they may provide limited resolution compared to the more comprehensive phylogenetic insights obtained from chloroplast genome analysis.
该研究聚焦于分析叶绿体基因组结构，并探究该属六个物种之间的系统发育关系。在菊科中，六个物种的完整叶绿体基因组序列长度在152,553至152,619碱基对之间。叶绿体基因组呈现出典型的四分体结构。该属内基因顺序在很大程度上是保守的，小单拷贝区域除外，与……相比，该区域存在反向排列。总共注释了131个基因，包括87个蛋白质编码基因、36个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因，其中18个基因存在重复。值得注意的是，16个基因含有内含子，……和……各有两个内含子。核苷酸多样性分析显示，六个物种的152,892个核苷酸中共有412个多态性位点。在……和……基因组区域发现了较高的核苷酸多态性水平，表明这些可能是物种分化的基因组位点。使用完整叶绿体基因组进行的系统发育分析表明，该属在菜蓟族中的系统发育位置，形成了与其传统组分类相对应的不同分支。包含……的灯蛾亚族与……形成一个单系群，而风毛菊亚族被发现是多系的。研究结果表明，虽然形态特征在分类学中很有价值，但与从叶绿体基因组分析获得的更全面的系统发育见解相比，它们可能提供的分辨率有限。
