Huang Haodong, Zhang Zijie, Xiao Cailin, Liu Jiapeng, Li Zheng, Jiang Yuting, Wei Lei, Zhao Tianshou, Ciucci Francesco, Zeng Lin
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul;12(28):e2505304. doi: 10.1002/advs.202505304. Epub 2025 May 14.
Timely and effective fault diagnosis is essential to ensure the reliability and longevity of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). This study employs operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis to detect water management faults in both anode and cathode electrodes. EIS measurements are performed under diverse operating conditions, revealing three distinct frequency ranges associated with ion transport, charge transfer, and mass transport processes, and elucidating their contributions to voltage loss. Building on these findings, DRT analysis is further applied to explore the behavior and variation of polarization impedance under different water management fault conditions. Compared with the reference case, anode flooding reduces ion transport resistance by up to 37.1%, while increasing charge transfer and mass transport resistances by 61.8% and 219.2%, respectively. Conversely, cathode flooding results in a 33.5% increase in charge transfer resistance, with minimal impact on mass transport resistance. These quantitative insights provide a novel and effective diagnostic tool for distinguishing water management fault types (flooding or drying) and their location (anode or cathode), offering valuable data to support the implementation of water management control strategies that enhance performance and extend the lifespan of commercial AEMFC stacks.
及时有效的故障诊断对于确保阴离子交换膜燃料电池（AEMFC）的可靠性和使用寿命至关重要。本研究采用原位电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测量和弛豫时间分布（DRT）分析来检测阳极和阴极电极中的水管理故障。在不同的运行条件下进行EIS测量，揭示了与离子传输、电荷转移和质量传输过程相关的三个不同频率范围，并阐明了它们对电压损失的贡献。基于这些发现，进一步应用DRT分析来探索不同水管理故障条件下极化阻抗的行为和变化。与参考情况相比，阳极水淹使离子传输电阻降低了37.1%，而电荷转移电阻和质量传输电阻分别增加了61.8%和219.2%。相反，阴极水淹导致电荷转移电阻增加了33.5%，对质量传输电阻的影响最小。这些定量见解为区分水管理故障类型（水淹或干燥）及其位置（阳极或阴极）提供了一种新颖有效的诊断工具，为支持实施提高性能和延长商用AEMFC电池堆使用寿命的水管理控制策略提供了有价值的数据。
