Gan Amber Kai Xuan, Whatley Mary C, Castel Alan D
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.
Memory. 2025 May;33(5):588-603. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2025.2502488. Epub 2025 May 14.
We tend to prioritise more valuable information at the expense of less valuable information to optimise the use of our limited memory capacity. Participants better remember information that they judge to be valuable and that they are told is valuable. Using a recognition paradigm, we sought to examine whether predicting the value of art pieces before learning the experimenter assigned value would influence memory and the quality of retrieval. In two experiments, participants made value predictions about various art pieces and then learned the assigned value. At test, participants provided old/new and remember/know judgments and were tested on the exact value. Results revealed that participants' value predictions influenced memory to a greater degree than assigned value, despite assigned value indicating the amount of reward participants would receive. We discuss these findings with regard to strategic and automatic influences of value on memory, as well as in the context of reward prediction errors (a difference in expected and actual reward).
我们倾向于优先处理更有价值的信息，而牺牲价值较低的信息，以优化对我们有限记忆容量的利用。参与者能更好地记住他们认为有价值且被告知有价值的信息。使用一种识别范式，我们试图研究在得知实验者分配的价值之前预测艺术品的价值是否会影响记忆和检索质量。在两个实验中，参与者对各种艺术品进行价值预测，然后得知分配的价值。在测试时，参与者提供旧/新以及记得/知道的判断，并就确切价值接受测试。结果显示，尽管分配的价值表明了参与者将获得的奖励数量，但参与者的价值预测对记忆的影响程度大于分配的价值。我们从价值对记忆的策略性和自动性影响方面，以及在奖励预测误差（预期奖励与实际奖励的差异）的背景下讨论了这些发现。
