Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2022 Jan 4;73:25-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032921-050951. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that can better support retrieval. Here, we describe a dual-mechanism framework of value-directed remembering in which both strategic and automatic processes lead to differential encoding of valuable information. Strategic processes rely on metacognitive awareness of effective deep encoding strategies that allow younger and healthy older adults to selectively remember important information. In contrast, some high-value information may also be encoded automatically in the absence of intention to remember, but this may be more impaired in older age. These different mechanisms are subserved by different neural substrates, with left-hemisphere semantic processing regions active during the strategic encoding of high-value items, and automatic enhancement of encoding of high-value items may be supported by activation of midbrain dopaminergic projections to the hippocampal region.
优先处理有价值信息的能力对于日常生活中有效利用记忆至关重要。当信息很重要时，我们会采用更有效的编码机制，从而更好地支持检索。在这里，我们描述了一个价值导向记忆的双重机制框架，其中策略和自动过程都导致有价值信息的差异编码。策略过程依赖于对有效深度编码策略的元认知意识，这使得年轻和健康的老年人能够有选择地记住重要信息。相比之下，一些高价值信息即使没有记忆的意图也可能自动编码，但在老年时可能会受到更大的影响。这些不同的机制由不同的神经基质来支持，在对高价值项目进行策略性编码时，左半球语义处理区域活跃，而中脑多巴胺能投射到海马区可能支持对高价值项目的自动增强编码。
