Mauer S M, Chavers B M
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1985;189:299-303. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1850-8_16.
Diabetes is the most important cause of ESRD in the Western world. Type I and II diabetes appear to contribute importantly to ESRD although, obviously, the prevalence of ESRD is higher in Type I. Microalbuminuria may predict later development of overt clinical nephropathy in both Type I and Type II patients. In both diabetes subtypes current evidence favours the dysmetabolism of diabetes as causative. There are clinical observations in Type I and renal morphologic evidence in Type II indicating that risk of nephropathy is, in part, related to the magnitude of hyperglycemia. Institution of strict glycemic control fails to reverse established clinical nephropathy in Type I diabetes. Efforts to determine if precise regulation of blood sugar can prevent nephropathy in patients with Type I and Type II diabetes are currently incomplete.
在西方世界，糖尿病是终末期肾病（ESRD）最重要的病因。I型和II型糖尿病似乎是ESRD的重要病因，尽管显然I型糖尿病患者中ESRD的患病率更高。微量白蛋白尿可能预示着I型和II型糖尿病患者日后会发展为明显的临床肾病。在这两种糖尿病亚型中，目前的证据都支持糖尿病代谢紊乱是病因。I型糖尿病有临床观察结果，II型糖尿病有肾脏形态学证据表明，肾病风险部分与高血糖程度有关。在I型糖尿病中，严格控制血糖并不能逆转已有的临床肾病。目前尚未完成确定精确调节血糖是否能预防I型和II型糖尿病患者肾病的研究。
