Zhao Lizhi, Li Yuhui, Yang Qifan, Li Ruolan, Li Houyu, Xu Yan
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 May 12;494:138607. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138607.
Water-saving irrigation is increasingly being prioritized in agricultural production activities to conserve water resources and increase crop productivity. Yet, how water-saving irrigation affects soil-crop pathogenic, primarily involving in the prevalence of virulence factors (VFs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), remains unclear. Here we investigated the variations in the abundance of VFs and ARGs in the soil-crop system under different irrigation intensities, and explored the underlying mechanisms on suppressing the dissemination of ARGs and VFs. The results showed that irrigation intensities (50 %, 75 % and 100 % irrigation water, hereafter IW50, IW75 and IW100) did not significantly affect soil VFs and ARGs abundance, but was closely associated with their occurrences in roots and leaves. Water-saving irrigation (IW 50 and IW75) clearly reduced the proliferation of VFs and ARGs in crops, especially TEP, PhoP, basS, and evgS genes decreased by more than 80 % compared to recommended irrigation usage (IW100). And, the co-hosts largely contributed to the reduction of VFs and ARGs abundance. The network analysis demonstrated that the increase in negative interactions between co-hosts and non-cohosts after water-saving irrigation resulted in the decrease of co-hosts colonization. Further, the decline in HO-O, carbon and nitrogen metabolic functional genes indicated that water-saving irrigation can inhibit the microbial ability to utilize those resources, thus decreasing VFs and ARGs proliferation. Finally, we determined that IW75 was most beneficial for VFs and ARGs reduction and tomato production. The outcome deepened the understanding of suppression on the spread of VFs and ARGs by water-saving irrigation, thereby providing valuable guidance for sustainable water-efficient agricultural practices.
在农业生产活动中，节水灌溉越来越受到重视，以节约水资源并提高作物产量。然而，节水灌溉如何影响土壤 - 作物病原体，主要涉及毒力因子（VFs）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的流行情况，仍不清楚。在此，我们研究了不同灌溉强度下土壤 - 作物系统中VFs和ARGs丰度的变化，并探讨了抑制ARGs和VFs传播的潜在机制。结果表明，灌溉强度（50%、75%和100%灌溉水，以下简称IW50、IW75和IW100）对土壤VFs和ARGs丰度没有显著影响，但与它们在根和叶中的出现密切相关。节水灌溉（IW 50和IW75）明显减少了作物中VFs和ARGs的增殖，特别是与推荐灌溉用量（IW100）相比，TEP、PhoP、basS和evgS基因减少了80%以上。而且，共宿主在很大程度上有助于降低VFs和ARGs的丰度。网络分析表明，节水灌溉后共宿主与非共宿主之间负相互作用的增加导致了共宿主定殖的减少。此外，HO - O、碳和氮代谢功能基因的下降表明，节水灌溉可以抑制微生物利用这些资源的能力，从而减少VFs和ARGs的增殖。最后，我们确定IW75对减少VFs和ARGs以及番茄生产最为有利。这一结果加深了对节水灌溉抑制VFs和ARGs传播的理解，从而为可持续高效节水农业实践提供了有价值的指导。
