Ransirini Attanayake Mudiyanselage, Elżbieta Mierzejewska-Sinner, Joanna Giebułtowicz, Bartosz Kózka, Mirosław Kupiec Jerzy, Magdalena Urbaniak
UNESCO Chair On Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20463. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05110-0.
The growing use of animal manure in agriculture has raised concerns about its impact on soil health and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly from less-studied sources like Turkey manure. Despite its widespread use, little is known about how aged Turkey manure affects soil-plant systems. This study investigates its influence on soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and the distribution of ARGs. Soil properties changed significantly following Turkey manure fertilization, with organic carbon, humus contents and C/N ratio decreasing by 19%, 20%, and 9%, respectively, indicating enhanced nitrogen mineralization and increased microbial activity. Turkey manure-amended variants exhibited greater microbial diversity, particularly among leaf endophytes, as indicated by an increase in AWCD from 0.02 to 0.32. In contrast, root endophytes showed higher microbial diversity in the control group (AWCD 0.97 vs. 0.91). Diversity indices, including the Shannon-Weaver index (H') and evenness (E), were higher in the manure-treated samples compared to the controls, although the differences were not statistically significant. However, substrate richness (S) increased significantly in the leaf endophyte samples, rising from S=1 in the control to S=12 in the manure-treated samples. ARGs were detected exclusively in manure-amended samples. The β-lactam resistance gene blaTEM was detected in aged manure, soil, and leaf endophytes. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetc, and tetM) persisted in the soil over time, whereas the resistance genes of the MLS (linA) and fluoroquinolone (aac(6')-Ib-cr) strains were transient and appeared only early in the experiment. ARGs, including β-lactam, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, are absent in root endophytes but are present in leaf endophytes, raising food safety concerns. In conclusion, aged Turkey manure altered soil physicochemical properties, enhanced microbial diversity, and influenced the distribution of ARGs in the soil-plant system, highlighting the need for a more balanced manure management to improve soil health while limiting ARG dissemination.
农业中动物粪便使用的增加引发了人们对其对土壤健康和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）传播影响的担忧，特别是来自像火鸡粪便这样研究较少的来源。尽管火鸡粪便被广泛使用，但关于老化的火鸡粪便如何影响土壤 - 植物系统却知之甚少。本研究调查了其对土壤理化性质、微生物多样性和ARGs分布的影响。火鸡粪便施肥后土壤性质发生了显著变化，有机碳、腐殖质含量和碳氮比分别下降了19%、20%和9%，表明氮矿化增强，微生物活性增加。如AWCD从0.02增加到0.32所示，火鸡粪便改良的变体表现出更大的微生物多样性，特别是在叶内生菌中。相比之下，对照组的根内生菌显示出更高的微生物多样性（AWCD为0.97对0.91）。与对照相比，包括香农 - 韦弗指数（H'）和均匀度（E）在内的多样性指数在粪便处理的样本中更高，尽管差异无统计学意义。然而，叶内生菌样本中的底物丰富度（S）显著增加，从对照中的S = 1增加到粪便处理样本中的S = 12。仅在粪便改良的样本中检测到ARGs。在老化的粪便、土壤和叶内生菌中检测到β - 内酰胺抗性基因blaTEM。四环素抗性基因（tetA、tetc和tetM）在土壤中随时间持续存在，而MLS（linA）和氟喹诺酮（aac(6')-Ib-cr）菌株的抗性基因是短暂的，仅在实验早期出现。包括β - 内酰胺、四环素和氟喹诺酮抗性基因在内的ARGs在根内生菌中不存在，但在叶内生菌中存在，这引发了食品安全问题。总之，老化的火鸡粪便改变了土壤理化性质，增强了微生物多样性，并影响了土壤 - 植物系统中ARGs的分布，突出了需要更平衡的粪便管理以改善土壤健康同时限制ARGs传播。
