Tarro Saija, Vahtera Jussi, Pentti Jaana, Niinikoski Harri, Raitakari Olli, Rönnemaa Tapani, Viikari Jorma, Pahkala Katja, Lagström Hanna
Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
J Nutr. 2025 Jun;155(6):1923-1932. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.005. Epub 2025 May 12.
Stability in dietary habits has been observed during childhood and adolescence, but their stability from infancy to adulthood is less known.
Our aim was to identify latent diet quality trajectories from age 1 to 18 y and to examine their association with diet quality at age 26 y.
The study included 620 participants from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project, initiated in infancy. Food and nutrient intake were assessed annually from age 1 to 18 y and again at age 26 y using food records. A food-based diet score (range: 0-33) was calculated to indicate diet quality. Group-based modeling was used to model trajectories of diet quality between the ages of 1 and 18 y. Logistic regression analysis examined associations of childhood sociodemographic characteristics with diet trajectories. Linear regression analyses investigated associations between the observed developmental diet quality trajectory groups and diet quality at age 26 y, adjusted for adulthood sociodemographic characteristics.
From age 1 to 18 y, 5 diet quality trajectory groups were identified: low (19% of participants), decreasing (25%), increasing (15%), intermediate (31%), and high (10%). Throughout the follow-up period, the diet score remained at 20-22 in the high diet quality trajectory group and at 11-13 in the low diet quality trajectory group. The diet quality trajectory groups predicted diet quality at age 26 y (P < 0.001). The adjusted mean difference in adulthood diet score between the low and high diet trajectory groups was 3.6 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.7). Notably, participants in the intervention group had higher scores than controls across all trajectories and throughout the entire follow-up period.
The 5 distinct diet quality trajectory groups from infancy to adulthood highlight a clear difference between the highest and lowest diet quality groups. The findings suggest that dietary habits established in early childhood remain moderately stable into early adulthood.
饮食习惯在儿童期和青少年期具有稳定性，但从婴儿期到成年期的稳定性尚鲜为人知。
我们旨在确定1至18岁期间潜在的饮食质量轨迹，并研究它们与26岁时饮食质量的关联。
该研究纳入了620名来自图尔库特殊冠心病危险因素干预项目的参与者，该项目始于婴儿期。从1岁到18岁每年评估食物和营养摄入量，并在26岁时再次使用食物记录进行评估。计算基于食物的饮食评分（范围：0 - 33）以表明饮食质量。基于群体的建模用于模拟1至18岁之间的饮食质量轨迹。逻辑回归分析检验了儿童社会人口学特征与饮食轨迹的关联。线性回归分析研究了观察到的发育饮食质量轨迹组与26岁时饮食质量之间的关联，并根据成年后的社会人口学特征进行了调整。
从1岁到18岁，确定了5个饮食质量轨迹组：低（19%的参与者）、下降（25%）、上升（15%）、中等（31%）和高（10%）。在整个随访期间，高饮食质量轨迹组的饮食评分保持在20 - 22，低饮食质量轨迹组的饮食评分保持在11 - 13。饮食质量轨迹组预测了26岁时的饮食质量（P < 0.001）。低饮食轨迹组和高饮食轨迹组成年后饮食评分的调整后平均差异为3.6（95%CI：1.5，5.7）。值得注意的是，干预组的参与者在所有轨迹和整个随访期间的得分均高于对照组。
从婴儿期到成年期的5个不同饮食质量轨迹组凸显了最高和最低饮食质量组之间的明显差异。研究结果表明，幼儿期建立的饮食习惯在成年早期仍保持适度稳定。
