Appannah Geeta, Murray Kevin, Trapp Gina, Dymock Michael, Oddy Wendy Hazel, Ambrosini Gina Leslie
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Jan 4;113(1):36-46. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa281.
Although adolescent dietary patterns tend to be of poor quality, it is unclear whether dietary patterns established in adolescence persist into adulthood.
We examined trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood for 2 major dietary patterns and their associations with childhood and parental factors.
Using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine Study), intakes of 38 food groups were estimated at ages 14, 17, 20 and 22 y in 1414 participants using evaluated FFQs. Using factor analysis, 2 major dietary patterns (healthy and Western) were consistently identified across follow-ups. Sex-specific group-based modeling assessed the variation in individual dietary pattern z scores to identify group trajectories for each pattern between ages 14 and 22 y and to assess their associations with childhood and parental factors.
Two major trajectory groups were identified for each pattern. Between ages 14 and 22 y, a majority of the cohort (70% males, 73% females) formed a trajectory group with consistently low z scores for the healthy dietary pattern. The remainder had trajectories showing either declining (27% females) or reasonably consistent healthy dietary pattern z scores (30% males). For the Western dietary pattern, the majority formed trajectories with reasonably consistent average scores (79% males, 81% females) or low scores that declined over time. However, 21% of males had a trajectory of steady, marked increases in Western dietary pattern scores over time. A lower maternal education and higher BMI (in kg/m2) were positively associated with consistently lower scores of the healthy dietary pattern. Lower family income, family functioning score, maternal age, and being in a single-parent family were positively related to higher scores of the Western dietary pattern.
Poor dietary patterns established in adolescence are likely to track into early adulthood, particularly in males. This study highlights the transition between adolescence and early adulthood as a critical period and the populations that could benefit from dietary interventions.
尽管青少年的饮食模式往往质量较差，但尚不清楚青少年时期形成的饮食模式是否会持续到成年期。
我们研究了青少年期和成年早期两种主要饮食模式的发展轨迹及其与儿童期和父母因素的关联。
利用西澳大利亚妊娠队列（Raine研究）的数据，通过经过评估的食物频率问卷，对1414名参与者在14岁、17岁、20岁和22岁时38种食物组的摄入量进行了估计。通过因子分析，在随访过程中一致确定了两种主要饮食模式（健康模式和西式模式）。基于性别的群体建模评估了个体饮食模式z分数的变化，以确定14至22岁之间每种模式的群体轨迹，并评估它们与儿童期和父母因素的关联。
每种模式都确定了两个主要轨迹组。在14至22岁之间，大多数队列成员（70%的男性、73%的女性）形成了一个轨迹组，其健康饮食模式的z分数始终较低。其余人的轨迹显示健康饮食模式z分数呈下降趋势（27%的女性）或相当稳定（30%的男性）。对于西式饮食模式，大多数人形成的轨迹具有相当稳定的平均分数（79%的男性、81%的女性）或随时间下降的低分。然而，21%的男性西式饮食模式分数随时间呈稳定、显著上升的轨迹。母亲教育程度较低和较高的体重指数（kg/m²）与健康饮食模式分数持续较低呈正相关。较低的家庭收入、家庭功能得分、母亲年龄以及单亲家庭与西式饮食模式较高的分数呈正相关。
青少年时期形成的不良饮食模式可能会持续到成年早期，尤其是在男性中。本研究强调了青少年期和成年早期之间这段过渡时期是一个关键时期，以及哪些人群可能从饮食干预中受益。
