Schlette Anniek, Stark Tobias H, Smeekes Anouk
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, ERCOMER/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2025 Jul;64(3):e12898. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12898.
Many descendants of migrants feel belonging to both the national group and the ethnic minority group of their family (dual identity), but they often experience that majority members see them only as ethnic minority members. This could hamper their potential to improve intergroup relations. Because social networks tend to be homogeneous, having friends from a particular group could be interpreted as a signal of someone's group belonging. Our research advances the field by examining how the ethnic minority/national majority composition of the friendship network of descendants of migrants may affect the national/dual ascriptions they receive. In two vignette studies, we manipulated the composition of the friend group, using names or AI-generated faces of fictitious Moroccan-Dutch individuals, and examined how this affected ascriptions and stereotypical evaluations given by a representative sample of Dutch majority members. We find mixed results; having Dutch friends increased Dutch ascriptions and having mixed friends increased dual ascriptions when participants read text. However, these effects were attenuated when targets' faces were categorized. This suggests that information about phenotype limits the effects of friend group composition. Future research should examine these dynamics in real-world environments where phenotype and social cues coexist.
许多移民后代觉得自己既属于国家群体，也属于其家族的少数族裔群体（双重身份），但他们常常感到多数群体成员只将他们视为少数族裔成员。这可能会阻碍他们改善群体间关系的潜力。由于社交网络往往具有同质性，与某个特定群体的人交朋友可能会被视为某人所属群体的一种信号。我们的研究通过考察移民后代友谊网络中的少数族裔/国家多数群体构成如何影响他们所获得的国家/双重身份归属，推动了该领域的发展。在两项情景研究中，我们通过使用虚构的摩洛哥裔荷兰人的名字或人工智能生成的面孔来操纵朋友群体的构成，并考察这如何影响荷兰多数群体成员的代表性样本所做出的身份归属和刻板印象评价。我们得到了复杂的结果；当参与者阅读文本时，有荷兰朋友会增加荷兰身份归属，有不同群体朋友会增加双重身份归属。然而，当对目标面孔进行分类时，这些影响就减弱了。这表明关于外貌特征的信息限制了朋友群体构成的影响。未来的研究应该在现实世界环境中考察这些动态，因为在现实世界中，外貌特征和社会线索是共存的。
