Grasselli Sara, Andolfi Andrea, Di Lisa Donatella, Pastorino Laura
Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Front Neurosci. 2025 Apr 30;19:1584555. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1584555. eCollection 2025.
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of -synuclein aggregates. While significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic and biological aspects of Parkinson's disease, its complex pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and current therapeutic approaches are largely symptomatic. Advanced models have emerged as essential tools for studying Parkinson's disease related mechanisms and developing new therapeutic strategies. However, the electrophysiological characterization of neurons in these models remains underexplored. This review highlights the importance of employing electrophysiological techniques, such as patch-clamp recordings and microelectrode arrays, in providing critical insights into neuronal dysfunction, synaptic impairments, and network disruptions in Parkinson's disease. The aim is to summarize the key discoveries in the electrophysiological characterization of the pathology and the related progress made in recent years, underlying the main challenges, including the lack of standardized protocols, and the heterogeneity of cellular sources and culture systems. Addressing these limitations is crucial for improving reproducibility and facilitating cross-study comparisons, allowing for a deeper understanding of Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. By refining and standardizing electrophysiological approaches, these efforts will enhance our understanding of Parkinson's disease's underlying mechanisms, ultimately accelerating the discovery of robust biomarkers and the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
帕金森病是第二常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质中多巴胺能神经元的进行性丧失以及α-突触核蛋白聚集体的积累。虽然在理解帕金森病的遗传和生物学方面取得了重大进展，但其复杂的病理生理学仍知之甚少，目前的治疗方法主要是对症治疗。先进的模型已成为研究帕金森病相关机制和开发新治疗策略的重要工具。然而，这些模型中神经元的电生理特征仍未得到充分探索。本综述强调了采用膜片钳记录和微电极阵列等电生理技术对于深入了解帕金森病中神经元功能障碍、突触损伤和网络破坏的重要性。目的是总结病理学电生理特征方面的关键发现以及近年来取得的相关进展，强调主要挑战，包括缺乏标准化方案，以及细胞来源和培养系统的异质性。解决这些限制对于提高可重复性和促进跨研究比较至关重要，有助于更深入地了解帕金森病的病理生理学。通过完善和标准化电生理方法，这些努力将增进我们对帕金森病潜在机制的理解，最终加速强大生物标志物的发现和更有效治疗策略的开发。
