Pasnak R, Tyer Z E, Allen J A
Am J Psychol. 1985 Summer;98(2):297-304.
The proposition that in a reduced-cue setting subjects could use cognitive information about an object's distance to make accurate judgments of its size was tested. An improved paradigm was used to determine the effects of distance instructions per se. This paradigm also allowed independent tests of the effectiveness of cue reduction. The data indicated that cue reduction was successful and that the specific distance tendency governed size judgments when there were no distance instructions. When distance instructions were given, they produced size judgments in precisely the ratio predicted by the size-distance invariance hypothesis. However, there was a large constant error, which reflects a tendency of college students to overestimate the amount of distance signified by a verbal instruction. Hence, cognitive information in the form of verbal distance instructions has precise effects on size judgments, but the latter are not veridical, even in the absence of anchor effects from the specific distance tendency and residual perceptual cues.
在线索减少的情境中，受试者可以利用关于物体距离的认知信息来准确判断其大小。采用了一种改进的范式来确定距离指示本身的效果。该范式还允许对线索减少的有效性进行独立测试。数据表明，线索减少是成功的，并且在没有距离指示的情况下，特定的距离倾向支配着大小判断。当给出距离指示时，它们产生的大小判断 precisely 符合大小-距离不变性假设所预测的比例。然而，存在一个较大的恒定误差，这反映了大学生高估言语指示所表示的距离量的倾向。因此，言语距离指示形式的认知信息对大小判断有精确的影响，但即使在没有来自特定距离倾向和残余感知线索的锚定效应的情况下，后者也不是真实的。
原文中“precisely”翻译为“精确地”，但结合语境这里似乎表述有误，根据常见逻辑推测可能是“precisely”应为“precisely”，意为“恰好，正是”，翻译时按照此推测进行了翻译，如有错误请指出。
