DeLucia Patricia R
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2004 Apr;30(2):287-304. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.30.2.287.
Prior studies of time-to-contact (TTC) focused on judgments of unoccluded approaching objects. P. R. DeLucia, M. K. Kaiser, J. M. Bush, L. E. Meyer, and B. T. Sweet (2003) showed that partial occlusion decreases an object's optical size and expansion rate and that the value of tau derived from the reduced optical size (relative rate of accretion; RRA) does not necessarily correspond to TTC. In the present study, a computer-generated object approached the observer while unoccluded or partially concealed by a stationary or moving occluder. In some scenes, the occluder's motion nullified the object's optical expansion. Results indicated that stationary and moving occluders affected TTC judgments. RRA predicted directional changes in TTC judgments but predicted larger changes in such judgments than were observed. Tau did not predict effects of occlusion. When developing models of perceived collision, it is important to consider effects of partial occlusion on optical TTC information and on TTC judgments.
先前关于接触时间（TTC）的研究主要集中在对无遮挡接近物体的判断上。P. R. 德卢西亚、M. K. 凯泽、J. M. 布什、L. E. 迈耶和B. T. 斯威特（2003年）表明，部分遮挡会减小物体的视觉大小和扩展速率，并且从减小后的视觉大小（相对增长速率；RRA）得出的tau值不一定与接触时间相对应。在本研究中，一个计算机生成的物体在无遮挡或被静止或移动的遮挡物部分遮挡的情况下接近观察者。在某些场景中，遮挡物的运动会抵消物体的视觉扩展。结果表明，静止和移动的遮挡物会影响接触时间的判断。相对增长速率预测了接触时间判断中的方向变化，但预测的此类判断变化比实际观察到的要大。tau并未预测遮挡的影响。在开发感知碰撞模型时，重要的是要考虑部分遮挡对视觉接触时间信息和接触时间判断的影响。
