Remane Yvonne, Klaus Vincent Christoph, Heinitz Katrin, Ranft Donald, Kowald Jan, Herber Adam, Tautenhahn Hans-Michael, Bertsche Thilo, Ziganshyna Svitlana
Pharmacy, University of Leipzig Medical Center and Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany.
Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 15;15(1):16911. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01491-4.
Transplant patients are at an elevated risk for infections. Therefore, infection prevention plays a pivotal role in their care. Two different approaches were chosen to determine their vaccination status and motivation. The vaccination rate was determined by analyzing the patients' vaccination cards based on German vaccination recommendations. The vaccinations were categorized into standard, indicated, and risk-dependent vaccinations. The vaccination motivation was determined through a semi-structured interview using a self-developed questionnaire as an interview guide. Both parts were analyzed separately. A total of 126 patients were included in the study. In 115 (91.3%) patients, vaccination cards were available, 64.3% had complete standard and 0.9% indicated vaccinations. In the risk-dependent vaccinations category, 49.6% of participants had at least one of the additional vaccinations. The vaccination rate against hepatitis B was significantly higher in kidney than in liver transplant recipients (88.1% vs. 55.4%, Χ2 = 13.7, p < 0.001, n = 107). Vaccination confidence correlated significantly with willingness to vaccinate (r = 0.362, p < 0.001, n = 123). In conclusion, only a few transplant patients have complete vaccination protection. Further patient education is needed to increase patients' confidence in vaccinations and to motivate them.
移植患者感染风险较高。因此，预防感染在其护理中起着关键作用。我们选择了两种不同的方法来确定他们的疫苗接种状况和接种意愿。通过根据德国疫苗接种建议分析患者的疫苗接种卡来确定疫苗接种率。疫苗接种分为标准接种、特定接种和风险相关接种。通过使用自行编制的问卷作为访谈指南进行半结构化访谈来确定接种意愿。两部分分别进行分析。共有126名患者纳入研究。115名（91.3%）患者有疫苗接种卡，64.3%的患者完成了标准接种，0.9%的患者完成了特定接种。在风险相关接种类别中，49.6%的参与者至少接种了一种额外疫苗。肾移植受者的乙肝疫苗接种率显著高于肝移植受者（88.1%对55.4%，Χ2 = 13.7，p < 0.001，n = 107）。接种信心与接种意愿显著相关（r = 0.362，p < 0.001，n = 123）。总之，只有少数移植患者获得了完整的疫苗接种保护。需要进一步对患者进行教育，以增强患者对疫苗接种的信心并激发他们的接种意愿。
