Tian Huiying, Gao Xiaotang, Du Hanlin, Lin Zhuofeng, Huang Xianen
The Laboratory of Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
BMC Gastroenterol. 2025 May 15;25(1):375. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-03929-5.
High salt diet (HSD) has been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders. However, less is known about long-term implications of HSD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effects of mice feeding with long-term HSD on gut microbial and metabolic profiles.
In this study, C57BL/6 J mice were fed with HSD for 22 weeks, after which fat and feces were collected. The composition of fecal microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolic profiling of mice was identified through untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the serum levels of adipocytokines, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin (APN), were measured.
Long-term HSD disrupted the growth performance of mice. Compared to those fed a normal salt diet, mice on a long-term HSD showed slower weight gain, as well as lower fat accumulation and serum levels of APN, while experiencing elevated blood pressure and levels of serum FGF21 and glucose. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed changes in community richness and diversity, with long-term HSD affecting the abundance of certain gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Christensenella, Barnesiella, and Lactococcus. Fecal metabolomic analysis also uncovered alterations in metabolites, such as myriocin, cerulenin, norcholic acid, 7-ketocholesterol, and prostaglandins B2. Further analysis indicated that these gut and microbiota and metabolites are predominantly involved in the lipid metabolism of the organism. Importantly, variations in these gut metabolites and microbiota were significantly correlated with body weight, fat accumulation, and the levels of FGF21 and APN.
Long-term HSD affects physiological traits, alters gut metabolites profiles, and impacts the composition and function of gut microbiota, thus causes a certain impact on lipid metabolism.
高盐饮食（HSD）被认为是代谢紊乱发展的一个风险因素。然而，关于HSD的长期影响知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是对长期HSD喂养小鼠对肠道微生物群和代谢谱的影响进行初步调查。
在本研究中，将C57BL/6 J小鼠用HSD喂养22周，之后收集脂肪和粪便。使用16S rRNA基因测序确定粪便微生物群的组成。通过非靶向超高效液相色谱-质谱法鉴定小鼠的粪便代谢谱。此外，测量血清中包括成纤维细胞生长因子21（FGF21）和脂联素（APN）在内的脂肪细胞因子水平。
长期HSD扰乱了小鼠的生长性能。与喂食正常盐饮食的小鼠相比，长期HSD喂养的小鼠体重增加较慢，脂肪积累和血清APN水平较低，同时血压、血清FGF21和葡萄糖水平升高。16S rRNA测序揭示了群落丰富度和多样性的变化，长期HSD影响了某些肠道微生物群的丰度，包括厚壁菌门、克里斯滕森菌属、巴内西菌属和乳球菌属。粪便代谢组学分析还发现了代谢物的变化，如嗜球果伞素、浅蓝菌素、降胆酸、7-酮胆固醇和前列腺素B2。进一步分析表明，这些肠道和微生物群以及代谢物主要参与生物体的脂质代谢。重要的是，这些肠道代谢物和微生物群的变化与体重、脂肪积累以及FGF21和APN水平显著相关。
长期HSD影响生理特征，改变肠道代谢物谱，并影响肠道微生物群的组成和功能，从而对脂质代谢产生一定影响。
