Çınar Vedat, Bağ Mehmet Fırat, Aslan Mehdi, Çınar Fidan, Gennaro Alessandro, Akbulut Taner, Migliaccio Gian Mario
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty Sport Science, Fırat University, Elazig, Türkiye.
School of Physical Education and Sports, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye.
Front Physiol. 2025 May 1;16:1591132. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1591132. eCollection 2025.
Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) and renalase are among the key biomolecules that regulate stress responses during exercise and support physiological adaptation. However, the effects of different exercise types on these biomolecules remain unclear. This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic, anaerobic, and strength exercises on epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and renalase levels.
This study was conducted using a pre-test post-test controlled experimental research design. A total of 80 healthy male participants aged 18-22 years were included and randomly assigned into four groups: control (C), aerobic exercise (A), anaerobic exercise (An), and strength training (Sa). The exercise groups followed specific training protocols for 8 weeks, 3 days per week, at the same time of the day under standardized environmental conditions. Venous blood samples were taken before and after the exercise program, and epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and renalase levels were analyzed using the ELISA method.
Significant increases in epinephrine, dopamine, and renalase levels were observed depending on the exercise type (p < 0.01), while norepinephrine levels showed a significant decrease only in the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). Epinephrine levels increased in the aerobic (36.96%), anaerobic (35.42%), and strength training (27.45%) groups, while norepinephrine levels decreased only in the aerobic exercise group (6.38%). Dopamine levels increased in all exercise groups, with the highest change observed in the anaerobic exercise group (38.34%). Renalase levels increased in all exercise groups (p < 0.01), with the highest increase recorded in the anaerobic exercise group (29.42%).
This study demonstrated that different exercise modalities induce specific neuroendocrine responses. All exercise types led to significant increases in epinephrine, dopamine, and renalase levels, with the most pronounced effects observed in the anaerobic exercise group. Strength training also produced similarly robust responses. Norepinephrine levels showed a significant decrease only in the aerobic exercise group, while non-significant reductions were observed in the other exercise groups. These findings indicate that exercise type distinctly modulates hormonal and enzymatic pathways involved in physiological adaptation.
儿茶酚胺（肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺）和肾酶是调节运动应激反应及支持生理适应的关键生物分子。然而，不同运动类型对这些生物分子的影响仍不明确。本研究旨在比较有氧运动、无氧运动和力量训练对肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和肾酶水平的影响。
本研究采用前后测对照实验研究设计。共纳入80名年龄在18 - 22岁的健康男性参与者，并随机分为四组：对照组（C）、有氧运动组（A）、无氧运动组（An）和力量训练组（Sa）。运动组在标准化环境条件下，于每天同一时间按照特定训练方案进行8周训练，每周3天。在运动方案前后采集静脉血样，采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）分析肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和肾酶水平。
根据运动类型观察到肾上腺素、多巴胺和肾酶水平显著升高（p < 0.01），而去甲肾上腺素水平仅在有氧运动组显著降低（p < 0.05）。有氧运动组（36.96%）、无氧运动组（35.42%）和力量训练组（27.45%）的肾上腺素水平升高，而去甲肾上腺素水平仅在有氧运动组降低（6.38%）。所有运动组的多巴胺水平均升高，其中无氧运动组变化最大（38.34%）。所有运动组的肾酶水平均升高（p < 0.01），无氧运动组升高幅度最大（29.42%）。
本研究表明不同运动方式会引发特定的神经内分泌反应。所有运动类型均导致肾上腺素、多巴胺和肾酶水平显著升高，其中无氧运动组效果最为明显。力量训练也产生了类似的强烈反应。去甲肾上腺素水平仅在有氧运动组显著降低，而其他运动组虽有降低但不显著。这些发现表明运动类型能明显调节参与生理适应的激素和酶途径。
