Ng C S, Lim L S, Chng K P, Lim P, Cheah J S, Yeo P P, Gwee H M, Tan K L, Joseph R, Yong Y M
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1985 Apr;14(2):297-302.
225 women with diabetes in pregnancy were managed by a team of obstetricians, physicians (endocrinologists) and paediatricians from the National University of Singapore. A protocol of management was formulated and followed. The incidence of 1.1% or 1 in 90 pregnancies was found, with significantly higher incidence in Indians and lower in Malays. There were 37 established diabetics and 188 diagnosed during pregnancy. Of these (188), 74 were gestational diabetics. All the women were treated with Insulin and Diet or Diet alone. 177 (79%) were treated with Insulin and Diet. Blood sugar profiles were done for monitoring diabetic control. 72.8% of the women were between para 0 and 1 and 85.2% between the ages of 20 and 34. 72.5% of the women delivered at 38 weeks gestation or later. 48.9% went into spontaneous labour, 32.4% were induced and 18.7% had elective caesarean section. 62.2% of the women had labour of less than 12 hours. The overall caesarean section rate was 41.7%. There were 3 stillbirths and 2 neonatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate was 2.2%. Thirteen babies had congenital malformations (5.8%). 77.8% of the babies had Apgar score of 7 or more at 5 minutes after delivery. 79.1% of the babies weighed between 2.5 kgm and 3.9 kgm. Pre-eclamptic toxaemia was the commonest complication in pregnancy followed by Urinary Tract Infection and Polyhydramnios. Postpartum complications in the mother were confined to 14 women (6.2%), and wound infection or breakdown was the commonest cause.
225名妊娠期糖尿病女性由新加坡国立大学的一组产科医生、内科医生（内分泌科医生）和儿科医生进行管理。制定并遵循了一套管理方案。发现发病率为1.1%，即90次妊娠中有1例，印度人的发病率显著更高，而马来人的发病率较低。有37名已确诊的糖尿病患者，188名在孕期被诊断出患病。在这188名患者中，74名是妊娠期糖尿病患者。所有女性均接受胰岛素和饮食治疗或仅接受饮食治疗。177名（79%）接受了胰岛素和饮食治疗。进行血糖监测以控制糖尿病病情。72.8%的女性为初产妇或经产妇1，85.2%的女性年龄在20至34岁之间。72.5%的女性在妊娠38周或更晚分娩。48.9%的女性自然分娩，32.4%的女性引产，18.7%的女性接受择期剖宫产。62.2%的女性产程少于12小时。总体剖宫产率为41.7%。有3例死产和2例新生儿死亡。围产儿死亡率为2.2%。13名婴儿有先天性畸形（5.8%）。77.8%的婴儿在出生后5分钟时阿氏评分达到7分或更高。79.1%的婴儿体重在2.5千克至3.9千克之间。先兆子痫是妊娠最常见的并发症，其次是尿路感染和羊水过多。母亲的产后并发症仅限于14名女性（6.2%），伤口感染或破裂是最常见的原因。 注：para 0 and 1在医学语境中通常指初产妇或经产妇1，但表述不够准确规范，原文如此故按此翻译。
